Duties and festivals

• Arafat: Part of the Hajj pilgrimage. Place where Prophet Muhammad preached his last sermon and pilgrims gather to pray.
• Ashura: Important festival in Shi'a Islam, to commemorate the martyrdom of Hussein (Muhammad's grandson). Sunni Muslims observe Ashura as a day of repentance for sins in the belief that they will be forgiven.
• Fasting: Not eating or drinking; one of the Five Pillars is Sawm during Ramadan.
• Giving alms: means giving to those in need, eg money, food, time. A key practice in Islam; one of the Five Pillars/Ten Obligatory Acts (Zakah).
• Greater jihad: The personal struggle of every Muslim to live by the teachings of their faith
• Id-ul-Adha: Festival; celebration of the Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son for Allah.
• Id-ul-Fitr: Festival; celebration that comes at the end of Ramadan and marks the end of fasting.
• Jihad: 'To struggle'. The personal or collective struggle against evil.
• The Ka'aba: Part of the Hajj pilgrimage; cube-shaped building in the centre of the Grand Mosque in Makkah. All Muslims face towards it when they pray
• Lesser jihad: This refers to the military struggle to defend Islam. It is carried out according to strict and clear cut rules.
• Makkah: Place of pilgrimage during Hajj; the spiritual centre of Islam.
• Mina: Site of pilgrimage during Hajj; where pilgrims take part in the stoning of pillars.
• Muzdalifah: Site of pilgrimage during Hajj; where pilgrims hold a night prayer and rest after the Stand on Mount Arafat.
• Pilgrimage: A religious journey to a holy site/sacred place, it is an act of worship and devotion