CHAPTER 35: HEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS

• Lining of the blood vessels that are complex, heterogenous, and distributed throughout the body

  Endothelial cells
• Fibroblasts occupy the connective tissue layer and produce collagen.
• A platelet inhibitor and vasolidator and an enzyme found in the eicosanoid pathway.

  Prostacylin
• Rhomboid and contiguous, that promotes even blood flow and prevents harmful turbulence

  Endothelial cells
• What specific complexes does TFPI inhibit?

  Tissue factor-factor VIIa complex and the factor Xa-factor complex.
• What is the role of nitric oxide?

  Smooth muscle relaxation, inhibits platelet activation and promotes angiogenesis and healthy arterioles
• Enhances antithrombin activity

  Heparan sulfate
• What does thrombomodulin catalyze?

  Activation of protein-c pathway
• What specific coagulation factors does the protein -c pathway regulate?

  Factors V and VIII
• True or False?

  Smooth muscle cells in the venules and capillaries contract when an injury occurs, thus activating primary hemostasis.

  False
• Prostacyclin, nitric oxide, heparan sulfate, TFPI, protein c receptors, thrombomodulin, and TPA are anticoagulants secreted by?

  Endothelial cells
• True or False

  Intact vascular intima produces procoagulant properties.

  False
• True or False?

  Intact vascular intima produces anticoagulant properties.

  True
• True or False?

  Smooth muscle cells contract and the vascular lumen widens or opens, allowing blood flow

  False (why? the vascular lumen narrows or closes minimizing blood flow)
• Collagen is a flexible, elastic structural protein that can be found in the subendothelial connective tissues of arteries and veins.
• An adhesion molecule that promotes platelet and leukocyte binding.

  P-selectin
• A procoagulant property that are described as "carpets" where platelets attach.

  von Willebrand factor
• The storage site of the von Willebrand factors is located?

  Weibel-Palade bodies.
• Adhesion molecules that further induce leukocyte and platelet binding

  PECAM and ICAM
• Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin through the action of an enzyme called thrombin. Thrombin also activates platelets and stimulates them to secrete additional chemicals that promote coagulation.
• This type of clot is found in the arteries or arterioles. An excess of this can cause myocardial infarction and stroke.

  White clots
• Disruption of endothelial cells exposes what? This could activate the coagulation system, specifically factor VII which leads to fibrin formation.

  Tissue Factor
• What digests fibrin?

  Plasmin
• Fibrinolysis is caused by?

  Plasmin
• Fibrinolysis is the removal of fibrin to restore vessel patency.
• It activates fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen to plasmin

  Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
• This regulates fibrinolysis which prevents excessive plasmin generation.

  Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
• Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor also inhibits plasmin generation.
• Oums or Oumsn't

  Plasmin is involved in the process of fibrinolysis.

  Oums
• Property by which platelet bind to nonplatelet surfaces

  Adhesion
• A property by which platelet bind to one another

  Aggregation
• In the presence of ionized calcium, fibrinogen binds to what glycoprotein?

  GP IIb/IIIa
• Recall from Chapter 10

  What glycoprotein does the VWF bind to create a tether among the platelets?

  GP Ib/IX/V
• Thrombin, arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and epinephrine all have similar roles in the coagulation cascade, all of them induce what?

  Platelet aggregation
• A process by which platelets discharge the contents of its granules

  Secretion
• A drug that that functions via the arachidonic acid pathway that decrease platelet activity.

  Aspirin
• PGG2 and PGH2 are converted by thromboxane synthetase forming what?

  Thromboxane A2
• Phospholipids are converted to arachidonic acid by what enzyme?

  Phospholipase A2
• What does the cyclooxygenase enzyme do to the arachidonic acid?

  Convert it to PGG2 and PGH2
• PGG2 acronym stand for?

  Prostaglandin endoperoxides prostaglandin G2