Part 2 of Rizal Preliminaries

Created by

Prince Joaquin

Cards (76)

Rizal's Beliefs about Education:
Rizal considered education as a cure for the problems of colonial Philippines
Lack of education among Filipinos led to over 300 years of Spanish colonization
Rizal believed in education free from political and religious control
He advocated for liberal education for Filipinos to achieve reform in government and society
Education in the Spanish Era:
Primary to tertiary education was available
Schools focused on religion, administered by priests and missionaries
Separate schools for boys and girls, with wealthy Filipinos being accommodated
Rizal was privileged to have education along with his siblings
Rizal's Early Education:
Dona Teodora Alonso, Rizal's mother, recognized his potential and hired tutors for him
Tutors included Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Maestro Leon Monroy
Rizal learned to read, write, speak Spanish, compose poems, and study mathematics and sciences
Rizal's Education in Binan, Laguna:
Rizal's first formal teacher was Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
Rizal observed and kept a journal, faced challenges from classmates
Education focused on reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion with strict instruction and corporal punishment
Rizal's Education at Ateneo:
Rizal moved to secondary education after primary school
Chose between San Juan de Letran and Ateneo in Manila, eventually attending Ateneo
Initially almost not accepted due to his size and late registration
Rizal used "Rizal" as his surname due to historical associations as advised by Paciano
Boarded in Sta. Cruz Manila as a student and later transferred to Calle Carballo and Calle Magallanes
Rizal studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran after taking the entrance examination, but was asked to find another school by the Dominican friars due to his radical questions
Don Francisco sent Rizal to enroll in Ateneo Municipal in June 1872, which was formerly known as Escuela Pia, a rival school of San Juan de Letran
Ateneo Municipal was established in 1817, making it one of the oldest schools in the Philippines that is still existing
Ateneo Municipal was exclusive for boys and acquired prestige as an excellent school, supervised by the Jesuits who were considered the best teachers at that time
At Ateneo, the class was divided into two groups: Romans (Internos or boarders) and Carthaginians (Externos or non-boarders)
Rizal belonged to both groups, boarding inside Ateneo initially and later moving out to a dormitory in Sta. Cruz Manila
Within each empire, members competed for top ranks called dignitaries, with Emperor being the highest position
Rizal started at the bottom of the class (Standard Bearer) but quickly rose to the top rank (Emperor) and maintained this position consistently throughout his time at Ateneo
Rizal attended Ateneo for 1st to 5th year, focusing on teachings in religion, Christian doctrine, Science, Math, Languages, and Philosophy
During his first year at Ateneo, Rizal excelled in languages such as Latin, Spanish, and Greek
In his second year, Rizal continued excelling in languages and added World Geography to his studies
In his third year, Rizal excelled in Latin, Spanish, World History, and History of Spain and the Philippines
In his fourth year, Rizal learned poetry, Geometry, and Trigonometry, excelling in all subjects
In his fifth year, Rizal studied Philosophy, Mineralogy/Chemistry, Physics, Botany, and Zoology, excelling in all subjects
Rizal graduated as a "Sobresaliente" student, receiving the title "Pride of the Jesuits" and five medals at the end of the school year
Rizal's teachers at Ateneo included Father Jose Bech, Francisco de Paula Sanchez, and others who guided him in drawing, painting, sculpture, and other extracurricular activities
After graduating from Ateneo, Rizal wanted to pursue higher education at UST, despite his mother's initial objections due to concerns about Spanish brutality
Rizal studied at the University of Santo Tomas from 1877 to 1882, initially in Philosophy and Letters before shifting to Medicine
During his time at UST, Rizal also took a vocational course at Ateneo to become an expert surveyor
Rizal's grades in Medicine ranged from "Bueno" (Good) to "Sobresaliente" (Excellent)
After four years at UST, Rizal excelled in subjects like General Pathology, Surgical Pathology, Obstetrics, and Siphilography
Rizal decided to stop going to UST after 4 years as a medical student for the following reasons:
He was not happy with the Dominicans because they were racists and racially discriminated against Filipino students
The Dominicans used traditional and obsolete teaching methods, following strict rules and regulations with no freedom in the academe
Due to these reasons, Rizal's brother Paciano suggested he continue his studies abroad, which he did with the help of his former mentors/professors in Ateneo
Rizal's education in the University of Madrid:
On May 3, 1882, Rizal left for Spain and enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3
In November 1884, Rizal was involved in student demonstrations at the Central University after Dr. Miguel Morayta was excommunicated for delivering a liberal speech
Rizal's grades in Madrid were affected by his grades in UST
Rizal received the degree of Licentiate in Medicine in June 1884 at the age of 23, with a fair rating due to his low grades from UST
In the next school year (1884-1885), Rizal took additional subjects leading to the Doctor of Medicine degree but was not awarded the diploma due to unpaid fees and required thesis
In 1884-1885, Rizal continued his study in languages:
Rizal finished both his Medical and Philosophy and Letters course in the University of Madrid
Rizal was determined, focused, patient, and faced struggles being away from his family, working part-time as an editor or proof-reader to support his education
Rizal met and befriended famous academicians and scholars during his time in Germany, including Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, Dr. Hanz Meyer, Dr. Feodor Jagor, Dr. Rudolf Virchow, and Dr. Hans Virchow