Ch 8

• Motivation and Emotion
• Motivation refers to what moves behavior, derived from the Latin word mover, meaning movement or activity
• Motivation is of two types:

  • Intrinsic motivation comes from within the person
  • Extrinsic motivation is based on external rewards
• Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:

  • Primary needs are biological needs like hunger, thirst, rest, and warmth
  • Secondary needs are psychological or social motives learned in social groups
• Emotions:

  • A complex pattern of arousal, subjective feeling, and cognitive interpretation
  • Emotions have three basic components:
  • Physiological changes like increased heart rate and rapid breathing
  • Behavioral changes and emotional expressions
  • Emotional feelings shaped by past experiences and culture
• Influence of Culture and Environment on Primary Needs:

  • Environmental factors like time of day or attractive food appearance can influence hunger
  • Primary needs are biological needs necessary for survival
• Social Motives:

  • Achievement, affiliation, power, nurturance, aggression, and exploration are common social motives
• Functions of Emotions:

  • Prepare us for action
  • Arrange our activities and future behavior
  • Help us gather information and make the right responses
  • Help us interact effectively with others
• Role of Emotion and Motivation in Human Behavior:

  • Emotion and motivation are closely related and connected
  • Emotions can serve as motives for behavior