Taxonomy

• the science of classifying living things. In Greek, taxonomy came from “taxes” and “nomos”

  Taxonomy
• taxes

  arrangement
• nomos

  law
• is the assignment of scientific names to the various taxonomic

  categories and individual organisms. [based on international rulings]

  Nomenclature
• attempts the orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy

  of taxa (categories).

  Classification
• is the process of discovering and recording the traits or organisms so that they may be recognized or named and placed in an overall taxonomic scheme.

  Identification
• a Swedish botanist who laid down the basic rules for classification and established taxonomic categories, or taxa

  carl von linne or linnaeus
• based on differences of phenotypic characteristics

  sub specie
• serologic differences; antigen, antibody composition

  serovarieties
• biochemical test result

  biovarieties
• is based on structural similarities and differences, such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular organization, and the way these organisms obtained their nutrition


  Whittaker’s tree
• Monera → Protists → Plants → Fungi → Animals
• he devised a Three-Domain System of Classification

  carl woese
• Provides the accepted labels by which organisms are universally recognized.

  International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB)
• every organism is assigned a genus and a species of Latin or Greek derivation.
• the first letter is always capitalized

  genus
• first letter is always lower case

  species
• relate to an organism’s genetic makeup, including the

  nature of the organism’s genes and constituent nucleic

  acids.

  genotypic characteristic
• are based on features beyond the genetic level and include both readily observable characteristics and characteristics that may require extensive analytic procedures to be detected.

  phenotypic characteristic