biomolecules and carbs

• The three types of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
• What are the four types of molecules in Biochemistry?

  Carbohydrates, Protein, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
• These molecules have the same number of atoms of the same element but differs in structure

  Isomers
• Give the common functional groups in Biomolecules

  hydroxyl, carboxyl, phosphate, amino, carbonyl, sulfhydryl
• A polymer is a long molecule composed of many identical or similar building blocks called monomers
• The reaction wherein the formation of a covalent bond is accompanied by the loss of water

  Dehydration Reaction
• Whenever a bond is formed between two monomeric units, one monomer contributes either a hydroxyl group and another monomer provides the hydrogen.
• Polymers can be broken down into their monomer units via hydrolysis, the process is the reverse process of dehydration.
• The building blocks of Carbohydrates?

  Monosaccharides
• The building blocks of proteins?

  Amino Acids
• The building blocks of Lipids?

  Glycerol and Fatty Acids
• The building blocks of Nucleic Acids

  Nucleotides
• Carbohydrates are considered to be the world’s most abundant biological molecules.
• Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• What are the two major classes of carbohydrates?

  Aldehyde Group and Ketone Group
• aldose – sugar containing aldehyde group
• ketose – sugar containing ketone group
• Stereoisomerism arises when molecules have the same molecular formula but only differ in their configuration, leading to structures containing a chiral center or chiral as a whole.
• The most common cause of chiral behavior is the presence of the asymmetric (chiral or tetrahedral) C atom – an atom with four different substituents.
• Emil Fischer (1981) suggested a system for describing carbohydrates based on tetrahedral C atom projection.
• It is the most important natural monosaccharide

  D-glucose