The Philippines in 19th century as Rizal's context

• Ferdinand Magellan expedition on

  March 17, 1521
• He named the island as Filipinas

  Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
• He was sent to the Philippines by Phillip II, the new king of Spain, and also Portugal. Legazpi became the first Governor General of

  the Philippines.

  Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi established a system called

  Encomienda system
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi founded the city of ___ under Spain in 1571

  Manila
• ruled the Philippines indirectly as the representative of the Spanish King

  Viceroy of Mexico
• heads the nationals government

  Governor General
• head in the provincial level

  • his power is limited in the province but it is the same with the Governor General

  Alkalde Mayor
• head of the town or pueblo

  • his power is limited in the town but it is the same with the Governor General

  Gobernadorcillo
• head of the barrio government

  Cabeza de Barangay
• are the only positions a Filipino can have in the Spanish Colonial

  period

  Gobernadorcillo & Cabeza de Barangay
• Must be 23 years old and above

  Must be educated

  at least owns a ___ pesos worth of property/money

  500
• could control the society & Governor General

  Friars
• the enemy of the church will be considered as the enemy of the ?

  government
• gave the order to kill GOMBURZA


  Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873)
• he was a great soldier but as a governor general, his administration was weak due to his incompetency

  Admiral Jose Malcampo (1874-1877)
• took the position twice; 1880-1883 & 1897-1898

  • Took bribes from casino operators in Manilaa

  Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera
• a cruel and corrupt official; a tyrant who killed the Calamba tenants and is called the Butcher by the Cubans


  Gen. Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)
• ordered the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal

  Gen. Camilo de Polavieja (1896-1897)
• The enforced or compulsory manual labor required for every male native between 16 to 60 years of age

  POLO
• refers to the payment exacted by anyone to be exempted from work

  FALLA
• Tax imposed on every individual or family to pay to the colonial government as symbol of vassalage to Spain

  • It came in the form of produce or money.

  TRIBUTE
• A system of landholding wherein individuals loyal to Spain were granted land as trustees

  ENCOMIENDA
• The natives were banned from engaging in any form of intercourse with their Asian neighbors

  ISOLATION POLICY
• The colonizers provoked the natives to fight among themselves. Thus, strengthening their hold of power

  DIVIDE AND RULE
• The rule of the friars or the clergy

  FRAILOCRACY
• or the Tagalog revolt against the Legazpi and Lavezares

  administrations.

  Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574)
• Datus against Encomenderos

  Pampanga Revolt (1585)
• in Tondo (1587-1588)

  Conspiracy of the Maharlikas
• Revolts Against Tribute (1589) Magalat Revolt (1596) led by Magalat, a Cagayano rebel

  The Cagayan and Dingras