bio

• Biology is the scientific study of life
• Branches of Biology:

  • Anatomy: Internal structures
  • Cytology: Cell
  • Histology: Tissues
  • Biochemistry: Biological reactions
  • Physiology: Internal function
  • Genetics: Heredity
  • Embryology: Development
  • Taxonomy: Classification
  • Ethology: Behavior
  • Ecology: Environment
  • Pathology: Disease
• Biologists study humans, plants, animals, and the environments in which they live
• Aristotle is regarded as the Father of Biology and Zoology
• Charles Darwin is considered the father of modern biology and proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection
• Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" and designed his own light microscope
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria and other microscopic organisms
• R.H. Dutrochet presented the idea that all living things are composed of cells
• Robert Brown described the nuclei of plant cells and coined the term "nucleus"
• Felix Dujardin concluded that all plants are made of cells
• Mattias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann concluded that all animals are composed of cells
• Jan Evangelista Purkinje coined the term "protoplasm" to refer to the living part of the cell
• Rudolf Virchow published "Omnis cellula e cellula," stating that all cells arise from pre-existing cells
• Louis Pasteur's experiment with broth in S-shaped flasks supported the idea that all living things are made of cells
• Paleontologists analyze and interpret evidence from ancient life forms to understand the evolution of life on Earth
• Fossils provide valuable insights into the history of life and the geological processes that shaped the Earth
• Microfossils reveal crucial aspects of the Earth's history by preserving microscopic organisms and materials
• Stromatolites offer a glimpse into ancient life and environmental conditions
• Cyanobacteria played a pivotal role as early oxygen producers in Earth's history
• Bacteria are simple microorganisms that have existed on Earth for a long time
• Cellular Organization:

  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Organelles
  • Cell
  • Tissues
  • Organ
  • Organ System
  • Organism
• Reproduction is the process of producing offspring that are biologically or genetically similar to the parent organism
• Types of Reproduction:

  • Sexual Reproduction
  • Asexual Reproduction
• Types of Asexual Reproduction:

  • Budding
  • Binary Fission
  • Regeneration
  • Fragmentation
• Homeostasis is a self-regulating process by which a living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changing external conditions
• Metabolism is the process by which living things use energy and consume nutrients to carry out chemical reactions that sustain life
• Growth and Development:

  • All living things grow during their lifetime
  • Unicellular organisms usually just increase in size throughout their lives
• Living organisms show "irritability," meaning they respond to stimuli or changes in their environment
• Adaptation refers to the process of becoming adjusted to an environment to improve an organism's likelihood of survival and reproduction
• The theory of special creation states that life was created by a divine being or the creator, and organisms were created in the same form in which they exist at present
• The theory of abiogenesis suggests that the first living organisms emerged from basic organic molecules
• Biogenesis theory states that life forms evolve from other life forms, and experiments like Louis Pasteur's supported this idea
• Biology is the scientific study of life
• Biology primarily deals with the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of organisms
• Branches of Biology include:

  • Anatomy: Internal structures
  • Cytology: Cell
  • Histology: Tissues
  • Biochemistry: Biological reactions
  • Physiology: Internal function
  • Genetics: Heredity
  • Embryology: Development
  • Taxonomy: Classification
  • Ethology: Behavior
  • Ecology: Environment
  • Pathology: Disease
• Biologists study humans, plants, animals, and their environments
• Biologists may conduct studies in human medical research, plant research, animal research, and environmental system research
• Biologists ask questions like:

  • How did life begin?
  • How does a single cell develop into an organism?
  • How do living things adapt to their changing environment?
• Aristotle is regarded as the Father of Biology and Zoology
• Aristotle started classification with two kingdoms: Animal and Plantae