mlsp w3 lab

• Gloves:

  • May be non-powdered latex or non-latex
  • Nitrile, synthetic vinyl, or other non-latex gloves are used frequently and for persons sensitive to latex products
• Tourniquet:

  • A constricting device applied to the patient's arm before venipuncture to inflate the veins by restricting venous blood for some time
  • Comes in different sizes and is intended for single use only
• Alcohol pads:

  • 70% isopropyl alcohol, a bacteriostatic antiseptic inhibiting the growth of bacteria
• Gauze pads:

  • Loosely woven cotton fabric applied with pressure to the arm immediately upon withdrawal of the needle following venipuncture
• Disinfectants:

  • 10% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)
• Antiseptics:

  • 70% ethyl alcohol
  • 70% isopropyl alcohol
  • Benzalkonium chloride
  • Chlorhexidine gluconate
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Povidine-iodine and tincture iodine
• Adhesive bandages:

  • Placed over the puncture site to stop bleeding
  • Patient advised to hold the arm straight, apply pressure for 3 to 5 minutes, and remove the bandage in 15 to 20 minutes
• Needles:

  • Used for withdrawing blood samples
  • Sterile and for single use only
  • Types: multi-sample, hypodermic, and winged infusion
  • Needle gauge classified by the diameter of the lumen, with higher numbers indicating smaller diameter
  • Most commonly used needle gauge is 21
  • Needle length in venipuncture is 1 to 1.5 inches
• Needle types:

  • Multi-sample needle: used in the evacuated tube system (ETS) with safety features
  • Hypodermic needle: used in the syringe system with different gauges and lengths
  • Winged infusion needle: used for difficult veins, especially recommended for pediatric or elderly patients
• Blood collection methods:

  • Syringe system: used for patients with small or difficult veins, components include a syringe needle with a resheathing feature and a syringe with graduated barrel and plunger
  • Evacuated tube system (ETS): closed collection system with multi-sample needles, tube holders, and evacuated tubes to prevent exposure to contaminants
• Categories of additives used in blood collection:

  • Anticoagulants: prevent blood clots, include EDTA, citrates, heparin, and oxalates
  • Antiglycolytic agents: prevent breakdown of glucose by blood cells, common one is sodium fluoride
  • Clot activators: enhance coagulation in serum specimen tubes
  • Thixotropic gel separator: inhibits cells from metabolizing substances and moves between cells and serum or plasma when centrifugated
  • Trace Element-Free Tubes: free of trace element contamination, used for various tests
• Order of draw:

  1. Sterile tube (blood culture)

  2. Blue-top coagulation tube

  3. Serum tube with or without clot activator, with or without gel

  4. Heparin tube with or without gel plasma separator

  5. EDTA tube

  6. Glycolytic inhibitor tube
• Gloves:

  • May be non-powdered latex or non-latex
  • Nitrile, synthetic vinyl, or other non-latex gloves are used frequently and for persons sensitive to latex products
• Tourniquet:

  • A constricting device applied to the patient's arm before venipuncture to inflate the veins by restricting venous blood for some time
  • Comes in different sizes and is intended for single use only
• Alcohol pads:

  • 70% isopropyl alcohol, a bacteriostatic antiseptic inhibiting the growth of bacteria
• Gauze pads:

  • Loosely woven cotton fabric applied with pressure to the arm immediately upon withdrawal of the needle following venipuncture
• Disinfectants:

  • 10% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)
• Antiseptics:

  • 70% ethyl alcohol
  • 70% isopropyl alcohol
  • Benzalkonium chloride
  • Chlorhexidine gluconate
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Povidine-iodine and tincture iodine
• Adhesive bandages:

  • Placed over the puncture site to stop the bleeding
  • Patient advised to hold the arm straight, apply pressure for 3 to 5 minutes, and remove the bandage in 15 to 20 minutes
• Needles:

  • Used for withdrawing blood samples
  • Sterile and for single use only
  • 3 types used in venipuncture: multi-sample, hypodermic, and winged infusion
  • Needle gauge classified according to the diameter of the lumen, with higher numbers indicating smaller needle diameter
  • Most commonly used needle gauge is 21
  • Needle length in venipuncture is 1 and 1.5 inches
• Needle types:

  • Multi-sample needle used in the evacuated tube system (ETS) with safety features
  • Hypodermic needle used in the Syringe system with different gauges and lengths
  • Winged infusion needle used for difficult veins, especially recommended for pediatric or elderly patients
• Blood collection methods:

  • Syringe system: used for patients with small or difficult veins, components include a syringe needle with a resheating feature and a syringe divided into a graduated barrel and plunger
  • Evacuated Tube System (ETS): closed collection system composed of multi-sample needles, tube holders, and evacuated tubes to prevent exposure to contaminants
• Sharps container:

  • Needle disposal containers designed to protect healthcare personnel from accidental needlesticks
• Evacuated tubes:

  • Contain a premeasured vacuum and are widely used for blood collecting
  • Color-coded tubes used in both ETS and Syringe methods, available in different sizes and volumes, can be glass or plastic
• Categories of additives used in blood collection:

  • Liquid, spray-dried, or powdered form with specific functions
  • Anticoagulants, antiglycolytic agents, clot activators, thixotropic gel separator, trace element-free tubes
• Order of draw:

  • Specific order followed by a phlebotomist when collecting blood samples to prevent cross-contamination

  1. Sterile tube (blood culture)

  2. Blue-top coagulation tube

  3. Serum tube with or without clot activator, with or without gel

  4. Heparin tube with or without gel plasma separator

  5. EDTA tube

  6. Glycolytic inhibitor tube