1.2 Monosaccharides

• What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

  (CH2O)n [where n = the number of carbon atoms]
• Alpha


  • H on top
  • OH on bottom
• Beta


  • OH on top
  • H on bottom
• What is the key difference between alpha and betaglucose?

  Alpha has H on top and OH on bottom whereas beta has OH on top and H on bottom
• What is a condensation reaction?


  The joining of two molecules creating a chemical bond and removing water
• Define the term monomer

  Smaller units that create larger molecules such as polymers
• Define the term polymer

  Made from lots of monomers bonded together (chain like)
• What monomers make up the polymers Starch, Cellulose and Glycogen?


  Glucose
• What monomers make up protein?

  Amino acids
• What monomers make up DNA and RNA?

  Nucleotides
• Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide = Disaccharide
• Many Disaccharides = Polysaccharide
• What are isomers of monosaccharides?

  2 or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and with different properties.
• Give an example of an Isomer of monosaccharides.

  Alpha glucose, Beta glucose
• What is a hydrolysis reaction?

  Breaks the chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of water
• name 3 monosaccharides

  glucose, fructose and galactose
• What type of carbohydrate is glucose?

  Monosaccharide
• Why is glucose important for respiration?

  It is the main substrate for respiration
• How many carbon atoms are in a glucose molecule?

  Six
• What are the two isomers of glucose?

  Alpha and beta glucose
• What are common monosaccharides?

  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
• What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

  (CH2O)n
• What does the variable n represent in the general formula of monosaccharides?

  Any number from three to seven
• What characteristic do common monosaccharides share?

  They are typically sweet tasting and soluble