Multi-store model

• encoding - the conversion of information into codes (visual, auditory and semantic)
• storage - the retention of period over a period of time
• retrieval - recovering the information that has been stored
• multistore model

  3 stage process

  • short term sensory store
  • short term memory
  • long term memory
• short term sensory stores

  • information in the form of stimuli enters the brain from the environment
  • capacity = limitless
  • Duration = 0.15 - 1 second before filtered
  • filtering takes place in the stimulus identification stage
  • selective attention: relevant information is filtered through and sent to the short term memory and irrelevant information is lost or forgotten
• short-term memory stage

  • where the information is used to decide what needs to be done
  • known as the 'working memory'
  • only limited amounts of information can be stored
  • Capacity = 7+/-2 items
  • Durations = 30 second
  • chunking: different pieces of information can be grouped together and remembered as one piece
  • if it is important enough and is rehearsed, it will pass to the long term memory, this process is called encoding
• long term memory store

  • limitless capacity and duration to store encoded information
  • motor programmes are stored here because they have been rehearsed many times
  • continued rehearsal can lead to responses becoming automatic
• How can memory be improved?

  rehearsal - rehearse a skill physically and mentally

  meaningfully - ensure the athlete knows how important a skill is

  association - link new and old information together

  avoiding overload - only take in a few pieces of information at a time

  organise information - e.g chunking of information

  mental imagery - visualise the skill before completing it
• Who's multi store model is it?

  Atkinson and Shiffen's
• Advantages:

  • simplifies the memory process to aid understanding
  • explains how those with brain damage may have dysfunctional memory or amnesia, showing a distinction between short term and long term memory
• Disadvantages:

  • too simplifies, does not explain why we remeber differet types of information
  • does not effectively prove the distinction between STM and LTM and does not effectively explain the interaction between STM and LTM