PROFESSION

• During the primitive phase of nursing, illnesses and diseases were believed to be caused by the evil spirits
• Shaman or witch doctors were believed to have powers
• Procedures such as fumigation were used to drive out evil spirits
• Witch doctors later became priest-physicians because they built temples for gods and encouraged worshiping them
• Babylon (the ancient cuty of Babylonia or Mesopotamia) is now known as Iraq
• The code of hammurabi stipulated that a doctor who cures a patient eill be rewarded 10 shekels of silver, while a doctor who kills a patient will have their hands cut off.
• The Babylonians believing false god Baal or Beelzebub is what sent Abraham to go to Egypt with his wife and nephew
• Egyptians bury their dead in tombs and require embalming
• through the practice of embalming, knowledge on anatomy and physiology was developed
• In the egyptian era, The belief on the etiology of disease as caused by evil spirits was eradicated
• The caduceus is the insigna of the medical profession. It is represented by the staff of a traveler intertwined with 2 snakes, which symbolize wisdom, and 2 wings of Mercury that symbolizes speed.
• aesculapius is known as the god of medicine
• Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine.
• The code of moses started the concept of building houses of hospitality. This is the origin of hospitals.
• From Aztecs, bath houses, also known temascals, were established
• In Chinese culture, charm treatments anf alchemy were practiced
• Emperor Shen Nung is the founder of Chinese medicine
• Brahmanism introduced the practice of ancestor worship and animal reverence
• Charaka was known for his ethical standards in medical practice
• Susurta was known for the description of diseases, surgery and use of herbs
• Crusaders are Christians who defended our religion and fought back to the Moslems
• San Juan de Dios and San Lazaro hospital opened in 1577 in Manila
• Sairey Gamp is the character in Charles Dickens' story, Martin Chuzzelwitt, that describes nurses as unpleasant
• Mid-19th century was the gloomiest phase of nursing
• In 1840, Elizabeth Fry established the Sisters of Charity
• Pastor Theodor Fliedner and wife Frederick introdyced "mother-house" system and found a movement at Kaiserworth, Germany in 1836
• Florence Nightingale was named superintendent of the Establishment for Gentlewomen in Illness in London
• When Florence Nightingale was 30 y/o, she was allowed to choose her career
• Nightingale had 38 nurses, mostly from Sisters of Charity for the Crimean War
• Mortality rate dropped from 40% to 2%
• Nightingale returned to England in 1860
• Aims of Nightingale's School of Nursing:

  • to train hospital nurses
  • to train nurses who are to train others as well
  • to train district nurses for the sick poor
• Methods of evaluation for Nightingale were return demonstration and bedside training
• Dr. Valentine Seaman opened the first school for nurses with 24 pupils
• Dorothy Dix is the superintendent of Female Army Nurses
• Clara Barton contributed to the formation of American Red Cross
• Florence Nightingale was known as "The Lady With The Lamp"
• In ancient philippin nursing, care of the sick was based on mythical, superstitious and empirical.
• the PNA was founded on September 2, 1922
• Mrs. Rosario Montenegro-Delgado was electrd as the first president of PNA.