CW

• WORLDS POPULATION

  Demography

  Ø  Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. 

  Population

  Ø  Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world.

   

   

  Ø  Small populations face a greater risk of extinction.

   

  Ø  Populations nearing their carrying capacity experience greater competition for resources, shifts in predator-prey relationships, and lowered fecundity.

   

  Population Density

   

  Ø  The size of a population in relation to the amount of space that it occupies.
• Reasons for the continuous growth of the human population:

  • Humans can adapt to all climate zones and habitats
  • Modern agriculture allows for efficient and large-scale food production
  • Decreased death rates due to improved sanitation and healthcare
• Factors affecting population growth:

  • Birth
  • Death
  • Migration
• Birth:

  • Fertility rate is the total number of children each woman would have if she lived to the end of her child-bearing years and gave birth in alignment with prevailing fertility rates
  • Average of 3 births per woman
  • Women make up 60% of the population
• Factors affecting fertility rate:

  • Labor force
  • Cost of raising and educating children
  • Urbanization
  • Infant deaths
  • Education for women and men
  • Marrying age
  • Access to contraceptives
• Life expectancy:

  • Global average life expectancy estimated at 72.98 years for 2022
  • 71.53 years in the Philippines
• Death:

  • Mortality rate is the occurrence of deaths in a population at a specified period
  • Factors affecting mortality rate include access to nutrition, medical care, clean water, community support for elders, increased life expectancy, and infant mortality
  • Mortality rate is usually higher for women
• Infant mortality rate:

  • Factors contributing to infant mortality include inadequate prenatal care, drug addiction, teenage pregnancies, socioeconomic variances, and abortion
• Migration:

  • Involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling permanently or temporarily at a new location
• Internal migration:

  • Movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling permanently or temporarily at a new location, such as rural-urban and seasonal migration
• Seasonal migration:

  • Driven by seasonal peaks in labor demand, mostly in agriculture, or due to climate changes
• Urban-rural migration:

  • Movement of people from rural areas to cities, often metropolitan cities
• External migration:

  • Change of residence over national boundaries, including voluntary and forced migration
• Voluntary migration:

  • Individuals analyze push and pull factors before deciding to move
• Forced migration:

  • Involves movements of refugees, internally displaced people, or those displaced by natural disasters, conflicts, or development projects