B4.2 - Respiration

• Anaerobic Vs Aerobic Respiration.

  Respiration is a chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose. Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.
• Aerobic Respiration equation

  Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

  C6H12O6 +6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
• Anaerobic Respiration Equation

  Glucose -> Lactic Acid, which needs to be broken down by oxygen into glucose again. C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3
• What are exothermic reactions?

  Reactions which transfer energy to the environment
• What do we need energy for?

  All living organisms need energy to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments; metabolism is the set of the processes that makes energy available for cellular processes.
• What is the energy produced from Respiration used for?

  All living reactions
• What is fermentation?

  Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation and has economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks
• Why does anaerobic respiration take place during exercise?

  During vigorous exercise your body cells may not have enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to take place and anaerobic respiration occurs instead. Anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration but it does this more quickly. The product of this reaction is lactic acid.
• What is muscle fatigue and oxygen debt?

  Muscle fatigue is defined as a decrease in maximal force or power production in response to contractile activity. Muscle use can quickly overwhelm the ability of the body to deliver oxygen. Muscle fibers must switch to anaerobic metabolism and produce lactic acid, at which point the muscle begins to fatigue. The difference between the amount of oxygen needed by the muscles and the actual amount present is called the oxygen debt.
• What is the function of the liver within Aerobic Respiration?

  The blood flow through muscles removes lactic acid and transports it to the liver. In the liver, the lactic acid is converted back into glucose. This reaction requires energy, hence the extra need for oxygen (for aerobic respiration to provide that energy).
• What is the energy transferred by Respiration used for?

  The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules.
• What are 5 metabolic processes?

  These include: respiration, translocation of Glut-4 transporter to the plasma membrane and influx of glucose, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis . There are multiple levels of metabolic regulation.