The Human Body (ANAPHY)

• Anatomy is the scientific study of the structures of the body
• physiology is the study of the processes and functions of the body
• organelles are the small structures that make up some cells
• organisms are any living beings considered as a whole
• metabolism is the ability to use energy to perform vital actions (growth)
• growth is the increase in size
• reproduction is the formation of new cells or organisms
• surface anatomy focuses on the study of external features like bony projections
• anatomical imaging utilizes different imaging samples like ultrasounds and x-rays
• microscopic anatomy have very small structures and can only be viewed with a microscope
• pathology is the study of diseases of the organ system
• the 6 levels of organization of the human body are:

  • chemical level
  • cell level
  • tissue level
  • organ level
  • organ system level
  • organism level
• the organism level consists of 12 systems, such as:

  • integumentary system
  • skeletal system
  • muscular system
  • lymphatic system
  • respiratory system
  • digestive system
  • nervous system
  • endocrine system
  • cardiovascular system
  • urinary system
  • female reproductive system
  • male reproductive system
• responsiveness is the ability to react or adjust to whatever stimulus
• excretion is the elimination of waste from metabolic reactions
• digestion is the delivery and break down of food
• homeostatis is the ability to maintain balance despite changes in internal and external factors
• homeostatic imbalance is the disturbance, may tumaas, may bumaba, which can result to diseases
• the feedback system have 3 other components:

  the receptor monitors the controlled condition and sends information to a control center
• the feedback system have 3 other components:

  the control center receives the input, compares it to a set of values that the control condition should have and sends output commands to an effector
• the feedback system have 3 other components:

  the effector receives output commands and produces a response that changes the controlled condition
• the negative feedback system tends to maintain stable conditions in the body, and is a mechanism that prevents the body from becoming too hot or too cold (response to change: reduces change)
• the positive feedback system tends to be unstable, for example blood clotting and childbirth (response to change: amplifies change)
• if the body is lying face down, it is in the prone position
• if the body is lying face up, it is in the supine position
• above another structure: superior
• below another structure: inferior
• towards the front of the body: anterior/ventral
• towards the back of the body: posterior/dorsal
• towards the midline of the body: medial
• away from the midline fo the body: lateral
• closer to the point of attachment/origin of a limb: proximal
• farthest to the point of attachment/origin of a limb: distal
• at or near the body's surface: superficial
• away from the body's surface: deep
• body plane: sagittal plane is when the body is divided into left and right halves, also called the midsagittal plane
• body plane: frontal plane is when the body is divided into front (anterior) and back (posterior), also called the coronal plane
• body plane: transverse plane is when the body is divided horizontally into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions, also called the horizontal plane
• humans cant perform photosynthesis because we dont have chlorophyll
• multi-celled organisms, has true nucleus, dna stored in nucleus: eukaryotic