Reactivity of metals

• metal + oxygen gives you what?

  metal oxide
• what is oxidation in terms of oxygen?

  when a substance gains oxygen
• what is reduction in terms of oxygen?

  when a substance loses oxygen
• what is oxidation in terms of electrons?

  loss of electrons
• what is reduction in terms of electrons?

  gain of electrons
• what is a redox reaction?

  a reaction in which both oxidation and reduction occur
• Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu, which substance is oxidised?

  zinc is oxidised because it loses electrons to form Zn²⁺ ions.​
• Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu, which substance is reduced?

  copper ions are reduced because they gain electrons to form copper metal (Cu).
• Write the half-equation for the oxidation of zinc(ii)

  Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻
• Write the half-equation for the reduction of copper ions(ii)

  Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu
• what are spectator ions?

  ions that don't change during a reaction — they appear the same on both sides of the equation
• what is an ionic equation?

  An ionic equation shows only the particles that change in a chemical reaction — it excludes spectator ions (write a half equation then cancel out spectator ions)
• when metal react with other substances what type of ion to they form?

  positive
• reactivity of a metal is related to what?

  its tendency to form positive ions
• list the reactivity series

  potassium

  sodium

  lithium

  calcium

  magnesium

  aluminium

  (carbon)

  zinc

  iron

  tin

  lead

  (hydrogen)

  copper

  silver

  gold
• how is the reactivity series established?

  By observing how metals react with water and dilute acids. The faster or more vigorous the reaction, the more reactive the metal
• what is a displacement reaction(metals)?

  A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound.
• metal + water is what?

  metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• metal + acid is what?

  salt + hydrogen
• which metals will react with water?

  potassium sodium lithium calcium
• which metal will only react very slightly with water?

  hydrogen
• which metals wont react with water?

  zinc iron and copper and magnesium
• which metals react explosively with acid?

  potassium sodium lithium calcium
• which metals will only produce little bubbles when reacted with acid?

  magnesium then even less for zinc and iron
• which metal usually wont react with acid?

  copper
• what is a metal ore?

  rock that contains enough of a metal compound to make it economically worthwhile to extract the metal
• in what form are most metals found in the earth?

  as compounds and not in their pure form
• how would you extract a metal from its ore?

  • less reactive than carbon then it can be reduced with carbon
  • more reactive then use electrolysis
• why is carbon used to extract some metals from their oxides?

  carbon is more reactive than some metals, so it can displace them from their oxides by removing the oxygen