EXER 3. NEMATOCERANS II

• what are the measurements of small flies?

  1-5 mm long
• what is the difference between small flies from mosquitoes?

  they don't have scales on their wings.
• what is the the genera of sand flies and owl midges?

  Phlebotomus spp
• these are vectors of Leishmania spp. in the Old World.


  Phlebotomus spp.
• number of segments of the antennae of Phlebotomus spp

  16 segments
• The wings of Phlebotomus species are hairy but devoid of scales; cross veins are absent except near the base
• What are the genera of biting midges, punkees, no-see-ums?


  Culicoides spp.
• these species transmit Leucocytozoon caulleryi and the nematodes Onchocerca gibsoni and O. cervicalis


  Culicoides spp. (Biting midges, Punkees, No-see-ums)
• In Culicoides spp. the thorax is slightly humpes and projecting forward over the head. Antennae are long, plumose in males, and pilose in females.
• The wings of Culicoides spp. are short broad, hairy and devoid of scales. White areas on dark background are evident. The anterior veins are stouter than the posterior ones.
• What is the genera of black flies or buffalo gnats?

  Simulium spp
• These species are vectors of Onchocerca volvulus and some Leucocytozoon spp. 


  Simulium spp. (Black flies or bufallo gnats)
• True or false. The antennae of Simulium spp. are long with 16 segments.

  False. It is short with 11 segments.
• female Simulium spp. are dichoptic while males are holoptic.
• The wings of Simulium spp. are short, broad, and devoid of scales, spots, or hairs except for bristles on the anterior veins; which are thick while the others are poorly defined.