Unit 4

• Personal-social identity continuum


  The range of traits you have that emphasize the manner in which you see yourself as a unique individual on one end and those that score your membership in a group on the other end
• Auxiliary traits 


  Characteristics presumed to accompany a specific master status
• Self-concept


  An individuals sense of who they are based on perceived similarities to and differences from others
• Socialization


  The life long process through which people learn about themselves and their various roles in society and in relation to one another
• Social identities 


  The portion of an individuals sense of self derived from membership in social groups
• Personal identities 


  The portion of an individuals sense of self that renders them unique from others
• Biological determinism


  The belief that human behavior is controlled by genetics
• sociobiology 


  An evolutionary perspective focused on how groups develop social behaviors and adapt to environments given existing genetic constraints
• Behaviorism 


  school of though the denies free will, emphasizes observable phenomena, and claims that all behavior is learned from the enviroment
• Bio-ecological theory of human development


  A theory that views human development as a dynamic process of reciprocal interaction in which individuals play an important role in shaping the environment in which they develop
• Looking glass self 


  The sense of ourselves that we envelop based on our perceptions of how others view us
• Agents of socialization


  The groups, social institutions, and social settings that have the greatest amount of influence on the development of self
• Self-esteem


  An evaluation of ones self-worth
• Interpersonal truth


  A perception that another person can be relied upon and has your best interests at heart
• Social comparison


  Refers to how individuals evaluate themselves in terms if appearances, merit, and abilities based in how that compare to others
• Mass media 


  Communication that targets large audiences in print or in electronic format using audio and images
• Social structure


  The framework of cultural elements and social patterns in which social interactions take place
• Status


  A recognized social position that exists independently of any given individual
• Role 


  The behavioural component of a given status
• Anticipatory socialization


  The process by which individuals learn about riles associated with a particular status before taking on the status
• Status set


  The sum total of all of the statuses held by one person at a given time
• Ascribed statuses


  A social position conferred at birth
• Achieved statuses


  a social position obtained through personal actions
• Master status


  The most influential status in an individuals status test
• Role conflict


  A situation in which incompatible role demands exist between two or more commonly held statuses
• Role strain


  A situation on which incompatible role demands exist within a single status
• Social group


  Two or more people who share relevant cultural elements and interact with regular frequency
• Social network


  An interrelated system of social relationships of varying purpose, relevance, intimacy, and importance
• Bureaucracy


  a formal organization consisting of an explicit chain of authority and set of procedures and protocols that guide the relationships and processes that exists within
• Preparatory


  A stage in the development of self by mead in which children are only capable of imitation
• group think


  A process in which members of a groupd favour consensus over rational decision making, producing poor and even disastrous outcomes
• Roles


  the behavioural component of a given status
• Social facilitation

  The tendency for people to do better at simple tasks, but worse at complex tasks, when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated
• conformity 


  a for of social influence in which individuals change their behaviour in order to adhere to group norms
• Game


  a stage in the development of self by Mead in which children learn to consider several specific roles at the same time and how those roles interact with each other
• Play


  A stage in development if self by Mead in which children learn to take on the role that another person might have
• Interpersonal status


  A perception that another person can be relied upon and has your best interest at heart
• Ideal type


  An analytical construct that clearly depicts all of the main features of some social phenomenon but is not and entity that can be found in reality
• Social comparison 


  Refers to how individuals evaluate themselves in terms of appearance, merit, and abilities based on how they compare to others
• Resocialization


  A process that involves radically altering one's identity by giving up an exciting status in exchange for a new one