the digestive system

• What is the main function of the digestive system?

  To break down food into tiny pieces for absorption
• Why do humans need to eat food?

  To obtain energy for movement and metabolism
• What are the three main groups of nutrients needed by humans?

  Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
• Why is digestion necessary for nutrient absorption?

  Because nutrients are locked in large molecules within food
• What are the two types of breakdown involved in digestion?

  Physical breakdown and chemical breakdown by enzymes
• What is the role of saliva in digestion?

  To make food more liquid and contain salivary amylase
• What happens to food after it is swallowed?

  It passes down the esophagus to the stomach
• What are the three important functions of the stomach?

  Mixing food, producing pepsin, and producing hydrochloric acid
• What is pepsin and what does it do?

  Pepsin is a protease enzyme that breaks down proteins
• What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

  To kill bacteria and provide an ideal environment for pepsin
• What happens to food after it leaves the stomach?

  It is squeezed into the small intestine
• What is the primary function of the small intestine?

  To absorb digested food into the bloodstream
• Which organ produces most of the digestive enzymes?

  The pancreas
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  To neutralize stomach acid and emulsify fats
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
• How does bile help in fat digestion?

  By emulsifying fats into tiny droplets for better enzyme action
• What is the structure of the lining of the small intestine adapted for?

  To increase surface area for nutrient absorption
• What are villi?

  Finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine
• Why do villi have a single layer of surface cells?

  To allow nutrients to diffuse a short distance
• How does a good blood supply in the villi help absorption?

  It maintains the concentration gradient for nutrient absorption
• What happens to undigested material in the small intestine?

  It passes into the large intestine for water absorption
• What is the function of the large intestine?

  To absorb excess water and leave behind feces
• Where is feces stored before removal?

  In the rectum
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• What is the order of the digestive process from start to finish?

  1. Food is placed in the mouth and chewed.
  2. Saliva is added from salivary glands.
  3. Food travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
  4. The stomach mixes food and produces enzymes and acid.
  5. Food moves to the small intestine with pancreatic juices and bile.
  6. Digestion continues in the small intestine, and nutrients are absorbed.
  7. Undigested material moves to the large intestine for water absorption.
  8. Feces are stored in the rectum until removal.