social studies

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Teresa

Cards (47)

    • Meso}Between/potamia} river
                                           
    The two rivers are: ·Euphrates 
                                      ·Tigris
    They were in: Iraq known as:
     The cradle of civilization
  • The world's first city is Eridu
    • Civilization: urban living
  • They invented writing: they wrote about dials of the economy and takses.
    • They didn't have wood or stone
    • So they had to brought from other lands for cereals, wool, and ceramics.
    • That led to the development of trade.
  • The first type of building constructed there was a Temple.
  • The name of the writing was Cuneiform “wedge-like”
    • The names of the three civilizations are: 
    Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians
  • TIMELINE: Four different empires ruled Mesopotamia
    Sumerian — 3,500 BC - 2,300 BC
    Akkadian — 2,300 BC - 1,900 BC
    Babylonian — 1, 900 BC - 1,300 BC
    Assyrian — 1,300 BC - 612 BC
  • The CODE of HAMMURABI
    1. If a man puts out the eye of an equal, his eye shall be put out.
    2. If a man knocks the teeth out of another man, his teeth will be knocked out
    3. If anyone commits a robbery and is caught, he shall be put to death.
  • 1,755 BC - 1,750 BC
    Hammurabi - 6th king of Babylon
    • Sky Father
    • King of the Gods
    • Lord of the Constellation
  • Mesopotamian inventions
    • Sail
    • Writing (cuneiform)
    • The plow
    • Arch
    • The wheel
    • Vaulted arch
  • Origins of Mesopotamia
    -The cradle of civilization-
    They had no stone, so they made bricks from a mixture of mud, ceramic, and straw
    They had no wood, so they collected the reeds for fuel
  • Pharaoh - Great house
    3 female pharaohs –  · Hatshepsut
                                           · Nefertiti
                                           · Cleopatra VII
    Nefertiti = Akhenaten – husband 
    City of Amarna
  • Monotheism = worship one god
    Polytheism = worship of many gods
  • Egipt people called themselves Kemet means “Black land”: when the river Nile flooded every year the water gave nutrients to the land so it would be easy to plant crops.
    • Tutankhamun’s tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter.
    • King Tut was famous because he returned Egypt to polytheism.
    • His father Akhenaten had forced people to worship just one god - Amun (monotheism)
    • When Tutankhamun died on 18/19, people filled his tomb with gold and treasure as a sign of gratitude.
    • King Tut’s tomb is famous because it is one of the most valuable finds in history and the only intact tomb from ancient Egypt.
    • Tutankhamun died because he ceted his kne and it infected and because of that he died.
  • MUMMIFICATION
    1. The body must be dried in a salt solution called Natron for 40 days.
    2. The pries in charge would wear a mask of the god of the dead, Anubis.
    3. They saved the organs in jars.
    4. A mask was placed over the mummy’s head.
    5. Once ready, they would place the mummy into a stone or a wooden box called a Sarcophagus.
    • Animals were also mummified,
  • The Rosetta Stone
    The stone was a decree of Pharaoh Ptolemy V Epiphanes in 196 BC.
    It was written in three texts:
    • Hieroglyphs
    • Demotic
    • Ancient Greek
  • It was found by the French in 1799 when they invaded Egypt and they used it to build a fort.
    • The British invaded and took the stone to London in 1801. A year later they had translated the ancient Greek.
    • The British Museum sent copies to European universities.
  • The Frenchman, Jean - François Champollion, completed the translation in 1822. However, it would be many years before scholars cold use hieroglyphs confidently.
  • It is called “Rossetta” after the town where it was found, modern-day Rasheed.
  • Hieroglyphs = “sacred script”
    Hieratic = “priestly script”
    Demotic = Popular script 
                       Demos = “people” in ancient Greek
  • The Pyramids of Giza
    Kufu is the tallest. 
  • Gods & Goddesses of Ancient Egypt
    Ra = all blessing, wealth healing
    Osiris = justice, rebirth
    Horus = protection, health & vigor
    Isis = love, magic
    Thoth = wisdom, magic
    Sekhmet = banishing, exorcism
    Anubis = underworld, protection
    Bast(et) = fertility, protects home
    • Old Empire = (2686 BC - 2181 BC)
    • Middle Empire = (2040 BC - 1786 BC)
    • New Empire = (1552 BC - 1069 BC)
  • Osiris = justice, rebirth
  • Horus = protection, health & vigor
  • Isis = love, magic
  • Thoth = wisdom, magic
  • Sekhmet = banishing, exorcism
  • Anubis = underworld, protection
  • Bast(et) = fertility, protects home