Ch 16

• Social problems refer to situations where genuine goals of a community or group are not achieved due to system difficulties
• Examples of social problems include people getting harassed, living under disadvantaged conditions, not receiving good education, and facing discrimination and prejudice
• Social problems have aspects including social, economic, psychological, and historical
• Indian society is undergoing socio-economic transformation and has a rich cultural heritage
• Poverty denies individuals and their families basic rights such as equality, justice, dignity, health, basic comforts, and personal security
• Educational problems include school dropout, stagnation, and wastage
• Objective poverty is the lack of material belongings, while subjective poverty refers to the perception and experience of poverty felt by a person
• Deprivation refers to the loss of opportunities and privileges normally available to the general population
• Malnutrition influences physical growth and affects psychological development
• Socialization patterns under poverty conditions are characterized by inadequate stimulation, poor schooling, lack of role models, and lack of social and emotional support
• Different personality patterns are suggested for deprived and non-deprived groups
• Poverty leads to low need for achievement, low extension need, and a high need for dependence
• Psychological interventions aim to train individuals by building up cognitive, motivational, and behavioral skills
• There is a strong association between poor mental health and poverty and deprivation
• Drug addiction involves compulsive drug seeking and dependence despite harmful effects
• Dowry refers to cash, gifts, property, and material goods the man receives from the wife's family at the time of marriage
• Efforts to decrease school dropout rates include government programs like National Literacy Mission and Sarv Sikhsha Abhïyan
• Stagnation and wastage in education occur when the education received is of little or no help to the person
• The right to education is a fundamental right, but many children drop out of school