Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Created by

Ben Harper

Cards (50)

What is an atom?
An Atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.
Elements can be classified into two groups based on their properties; what are these groups?
Metals and Non Metals
What is a compound
A compound is two or more elements, which are chemically combined.
What is a mixture
A mixture is two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.
Describe the Plum Pudding Model
The atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.
Describe how the Bohr/Nuclear model and how it came about.
The nuclear model suggets electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances (shells) - came from the alpha scattering experiment.
Later experiments led to the discovery of what?
Protons
What did the work of James Chadwick provide evidence for?
The existence of neutrons.
(Hint: Think Jimmy Neutron)
State the relative masses and relative charges of the proton, neutron and electron.
A proton has a relative mass of 1 and a charge of 1
A neutron has a relative mass of 1 and a charge of 0/no charge
An electron has a mass of close to 0 and a charge of -1
Explain why atoms are neutral.
There are equal numbers of protons and electrons.
What is the radius of an atom?
0.1 nm
What is the radius of a nucleus and how does it compare to an atom?
1 x 10(^-14)m and 1/10000
What is the name given to the number of protons in the nucleus?
Atomic Number
Atoms of the same element have the same number of which particle in the nucleus?
Protons
What is the mass number?
Protons + Neutrons
What is an isotope?
An isotope is two atoms of the same element, with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.
What is the relative atomic mass?
The average mass value which takes the mass and abundance of isotopes into account.
What are ions?
Charged particles.
Positive -> Lost Electron(s)
Negative -> Gained Electron(s)
What is formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal
An ionic compound (made of positive and negative ions)
What is formed when two non-metal compounds react together?
A molecular compound containing covalently bonded atoms.
What is a solute?
A solute is a substance dissolved in the liquid to form a solution.
What is a solvent
A substance that can dissolve other substances, forming a solution.
Compare properties of metals and non-metals
Boiling Point: Metals have a high boiling point and Non-metals have a low boiling point.
Conductivty: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals don't conduct heat and electricity (with the exception of graphite)
Appearance: Metals are shiny. Non-metals are dull.
Mealleability: Metals are malleable and non metals are Brittle.
Density: Metals have a high density. Non metals have a low density.
Oxides: Metals are basic (alkali) and Non-metals are acidic.
A solution is...
A mixture of two or more substances
What does miscible and immiscible mean?
Miscible - refers to substances (particually liquids) that mix together.
Immiscible - substances which don't mix.
What does soluble mean?
A substance that can be dissolved in a solvent.
What is insoluble?
Insoluble means a substance that cannot be dissolved into a solvent.
The columns of the periodic table are...
Groups
The rows of the periodic table are called...
Periods
Are elements in a group similar or different?
Similar because they all have the same number of electrons in their outer shells.
Electrons occupy particular energy levels (shells), with each electron in an atom at a particular energy level, what energy level do the electrons occupy?
The lowest available energy level.
The elements of Group 0 are commonly known as...
Noble Gases.
Why do atoms of the same group have similar chemical properties?
They all contain the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
What does the Periods of a Periodic Table tell us?
The amount of shells an atom has.

For example, think of Potassium (K), Potassium has 4 shells so it must be in the 4th Period.
What usually forms negative ions?
Non-Metals
What usually forms positive ions?
Metals
What are Group 1 elements known as?
Alkali Metals
State Three Characteristics of Alkali Metals
• All contain one electron in their outer shell
• Are stored under oil (to prevent reactions with water and oxygen)
• Are soft
How do Group 1 elements react with water?
They release hydrogen and form hydroxides
They react vigorously with metal fizzing and move around on the water's surface

Lithium - Red Flame
Sodium - Yellow Flame
Potassium - Lilac Flame
How does reactivity change in Group 1 elements moving down the table?
Reactivity increases:
because the atom gets larger and the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons increases
thus the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons decreases
this allows the atoms to more easily lose electrons.