tgow ao5

• “As the older Joad men sink into ineffectiveness and despondency, family authority shifts to Ma Joad. First she aggressively challenges patriarchal decisions that might fragment the family, and by the end of the novel she has taken the initiative.” Warren Motley, 1982
• Motley, C20: Ma is “a cohesive [force] rather than a fragmenting force.”
• Griffin and Freedman C20, “Their inability to stop these monsters represents the frantic frustration of the dispossessed”
• Shockley, C20, The title suggests the “glory of the coming of the Lord, revealing that the story exists in Christian context”
• Williamson, C21, asserts that Steinbeck, "breaks down the the walls of the domestic sphere by linking the work of the public and private"
• Shindo, C21, Dust Bowl migrants "entered the nation mythology as symbols of American grit and determination"
• The novel "brought the Okies and their voices to life" Isaac, C20
• "Steinbeck's real interest [...] is to express his basic faith in mankind" McElderry, C20
• The novel "has remained a relevant and integral part of the American narrative" Hamilton, C21
• The novel's opening scenes "presents a harrowing spectacle of barrenness, frustration, and death" Berry, C20
• Steinbeck emphasises "the necessity both of socio-political change and of psycho spiritual readiness to embrace and enact in" Napier, C21
• Yuhas, C21, "it builds on the west's quiet history of socialism"
• Cowley, C20, "not only a family but a whole culture is being uprooted"
• Bloom, C20, 'Rosasharon shares the milk of human kindness'"
• Bloom, C20, 'Jim Casy is secular Jesus Christ'