Cell Cycle and Cell Division (Zoology Laboratory)

• What is a series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and DNA replication?

  Cell cycle
• What is the period of the cell between cell division to prepare for cell division?

  Interphase
• What phase in the interphase prepares for DNA synthesis?

  G1 phase
• What phase in interphase the DNA synthesis or replication occurs?

  S phase
• What phase in the interphase prepares for mitosis and protein synthesis occurs?

  G2 phase
• What phase in interphase is the quiescent stage?

  G0 phase
• What phase in the cell division mitosis and meiosis occur?

  M phase
• It is where the chromosomes are duplicated, chromosomes begin moving apart, the nuclear envelope is fragmenting, and the nucleolus will disappear.

  Prophase
• It is where the chromosomes continue to condense, kinetochores appear at the centromeres, and mitotic spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores.

  Prometaphase
• It is where the chromosomes (each consisting of two sister chromatids) are at the metaphase plate (center of the fully formed spindle).

  Metaphase
• It is where the daughter chromosomes (each consisting of one chromatid) are moving toward the poles of the spindle.

  Anaphase
• It is where the daughter cells form as nuclear envelopes, nucleoli appear, and chromosomes become indistinct chromatin.

  Telophase
• What is direct cell division where the nucleus and cytoplasm simply divide unequally or roughly equally without undergoing the phases of mitosis, cells do not function normally, and occur in prokaryotic organisms or degenerating cells under pathological conditions?

  Amitosis
• What phase in meiosis does the homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses?

  Prophase I
• What phase in meiosis where the chromosomes are attached to the meiotic spindle and are arranged at the metaphase plate?

  Metaphase I
• What phase in meiosis where the separation of homologous chromosomes, each moving to the opposite pole, and sister chromatids remain attached?

  Anaphase I
• What phase in meiosis is where the homologous chromosomes reach the poles where nuclear envelopes form and cytokinesis follows?

  Telophase I
• What phase in meiosis where the nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle apparatus forms?

  Prophase II
• What phase in meiosis where the chromosomes are attached to a fully formed spindle on the metaphase plate?

  Metaphase II
• What phase in meiosis where the centromeres separate and the sister chromatids are now individual chromosomes and move toward the poles?

  Anaphase II
• What phase in meiosis where the nuclear envelope form around each set of chromosomes where cytokinesis occurs and the formation of 4 daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes?

  Telophase II
• What is the biological basis of life for reproduction, maintains the genome to keep their genomic information consistent between generations, and cell multiplication to increase the number of cells for growth, development, and repair?

  Cell division
• What is the type of cell that makes up all the body tissues and organs that undergo mitosis and are classified as diploid chromosomes?

  Somatic cells
• What is the type of cell where reproductive cells undergo meiosis and are classified as haploid chromosomes?

  Germinal cells
• What type of chromosomes is one copy of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes?

  Haploid chromosomes
• What type of chromosomes are two copies of genetic material subdivided into chromosomes?

  Diploid chromosomes.
• What does contain alleles for the same genes at specific loci but not identical?

  Homologous chromosomes
• What does contain the same alleles for each gene, identical chromosomes?

  Sister chromosomes/chromatids
• What type of chromosome is the pairing of homologous chromosomes where synapsis (fusion of chromosome pairs) begins?

  Zygotene

  
• What type of chromosome is the condensation, shortening, thickening, and doubling of chromosomes?

  Lepotene

  
• What type of chromosome is the formation of bivalent and crossing-over has occurred?

  Pachytene

  
• What type of chromosome is the coiling stage where chiasmata hold the homologous chromosomes?

  Diplotene

  
• What type of chromosome is the recondensation where tetrad chromosomes are visible and is the end of prophase I and nucleolus vanishes and nuclear membrane breaks down?

  Diakinesis

  
• What is the term for the duplication division of the nucleus?

  Karyokinesis
• What is the duplication division of the cytoplasm?

  Cytokinesis
• What is the longest phase in mitosis and meiosis?

  Prophase/Prophase I
• What is the shortest phase in mitosis and meiosis?

  Anaphase/Anaphase I