Lesson 2.2 Input and Output Operations

• Input Stream:

  • Direction of flow of bytes is from the device (e.g., Keyboard) to the main memory
  • Process is called input
• Output Stream:

  • Direction of flow of bytes is opposite, from main memory to device (display screen)
  • Process is called output
• Header files available in C++ for Input/Output operations:

  • iostream: contains definitions of objects like cin, cout, cerr
  • iomanip: used for manipulating streams, contains definitions of setw, setprecision
  • fstream: describes file stream, used for handling data read from or written into a file
  • bits/stdc++: includes every standard library, used to reduce time wasted in tasks, especially when time-sensitive