FRM 120 TOPIC 4

• Wood Products may be classified as:

  • Primary wood products
  • Secondary wood products
• Primary wood products

  • Those that are used in the raw form (either in round or square form) as a commodity for construction without greatly altering original shape
• Secondary wood produtcts

  • Those that require further manufacture, reduction or treatment which result in a change in the form of the original product
• PRIMARY WOOD PRODUCTS

  LOG - Stem or section of the tree’s stem prepared for manufacture into lumber
• PRIMARY WOOD PRODUCT

  POLE - a column used to carry power and telecommunication lines
• PRIMARY WOOD PRODUCTS

  PILE - a column used to support structures or entire buildings

  Foundation Pile - driven into the ground in its entirety to provide adequate foundation for the structure to be built

  Timber Pile - greater portion of its length is exposed above the ground line, e.g. for wharves and bridges
• PRIMARY WOOD PRODUCT

  POST - used in the erection and maintenance of fence lines and in guard rails; species include ipil-ipil, dapdap, kakawate
• PRIMARY WOOD PRODUCT

  RAILROAD TIE - beam used to support the rails along a railroad track; species include molave, yakal, dangula, dungon, narig, akle
• SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCT (TYPES)

  • Mechanically-reduced products
  • Chemically-reduced products
  • Physically-reduced products
• SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCT

  Mechanically-reduced products - those that are reduced in shape without changing the nature of the basic wood component
• SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCT | MECHANICALLY PRODUCED PRODUCT

  LUMBER - product of the saw and planing mill that is not further manufactured except for sawing, resawing and passing lengthwise through a standard planing machine, cross-cut to length and worked
• SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCT | MECHANICALLY PRODUCED PRODUCT

  VENEER - a thin sheet of wood of uniform thickness primarily used for plywood manufacture
• SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCT | MECHANICALLY PRODUCED PRODUCT

  PLYWOOD - An assembled product made of an odd number of layers of veneer and/or lumber or a wood-composite board core, and held together by an adhesive

  • Alternate grain direction of adjacent layers distributes longitudinal strength of wood, minimizes shrinking and swelling due to changes in moisture content
• SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCT | CHEMICALLY REDUCED PRODUCT

  PULP AND PAPER

  
  

  • Pulp – fibers obtained from cellulosic materials
  • Paper – sheet formed from pulp
• SECONDARY WOOD PRODUCT | CHEMICALLY REDUCED PRODUCT

  FIBERBOARDS - Sheets of varied densities made from refined or partially refined wood fibers and other ligno-cellulosic materials
• Other common wood products

  Laminated veneer lumber - similar to plywood, but the grain direction of the layers is parallel to the length of the board
• Other common wood products

  Particleboard - a panel made from lignocellulosic materials (usually wood) in the form of particles, flakes or strands bonded with synthetic resin, or other binders, under heat and pressure until cured
• Other common wood products

  Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) - based panel made from wood fibers bonded with resin or other binders under heat and pressure until cured
• Other common wood products

  Hardboard - produced by compressing wet individual wood fibers together; the fusion of natural lignins bonds the fibers together
• Other common wood products

  Blockboard - a board made of strips of wood glued together, and glued between a face veneer and a back veneer
• Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP)

  • Any product or service other than timber that is produced in forests
  • Include fruits and nuts, vegetables, fish and game, medicinal plants, resins, essences and a range of barks and fibers such as bamboo, rattans, and a host of other palm and grasses
• Rattan

  • Belongs to the family Arecaceae (palms)
  • Ideal material for furniture and handicraft (Flexibility, resilience, aesthetic qualities)
  • 1977: government banned export of unworked and semi-finished rattan because of marked decrease in raw material supply
  • Shoots and fruits of some species are edible, some species have medicinal value
• Bamboo

  • Belongs to the family Poaceae or grass family
  • Largest known grasses, maybe classified as:
  • Clump-forming erect species found in tropical countries
  • Erect bamboo which sends up shoots singly from an underground stem
  • Climbing bamboo
  • Used for construction material, fishpens, banana props, furniture and handicraft; shoots of some species are edible
• Resins

  Plant products that

  • are not soluble in water
  • harden when exposed to air,
  • do not play a role in the fundamental processes of the plant, and
  • are generally produced by woody plants

  
  

  • used in the fragrance, paint and varnish industries
• Examples of resins from trees

  1. Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis) - manila copal
  2. Pili (Canarium luzonicum) - manila elemi
  3. Dipterocarps - dammar
  4. pine tree
• Palms: BURI

  • buri (Corypha elata)
  • leaves to cover tobacco bales
  • ribs for brooms
  • petiole to make buntal fiber
  • coarse fibers of buds for ropes
  • raffia fiber (from unopened leaf or shoot) for cloth, hats, mats and bags
  • sap for fermented drink called tuba
  • buds are edible
  • kernels of young fruits are edible
  • trunk has starch that can be extracted
• Palms: KAONG

  • Kaong or sugar palm (Arenga pinnata)
  • Leaves for roof thatch
  • midribs for brooms, baskets
  • petioles for baskets, screen, boces, other light pieces of furniture
  • Buds are edible
  • Immature seeds are edible and made into preserves
  • Trunk has starch that can be extracted
  • Unfermented sap can be used to make sugar
• Palms: NIPA

  • Nipa (Nypa fruticans)
  • Sap for alcohol, wine, sugar, vinegar
  • Leaves for bags, baskets, hats, mats, raincoats, thatching material
  • Midribs for brooms
  • Petiole for fuel, coarse brush
  • Fruits are edible
• Other NTFPs

  Nito - splints for baskets, hats, fancy baskets; shoot has medicinal value (reptile or insect bite)
• Other NTFPs

  Tiger Grass - panicles for light dust brooms
• Other NTFPs

  Bamban - stems for baskets, fish traps, hats, for sewing nipa shingles; root has medicinal value (an-an)
• Other NTFPs

  Salago - bark fibers for the production of high quality paper (bank notes, stencil paper and similar products); also for fishlines and nets, clotheslines, sacks, bags, wallets and hats
• Other NTFPs

  Kapok

  • Fiber or hair for stuffing material
  • seeds contain edible oil
  • tender fruits have medicinal value (emollient)
  • gummy exudate has medicinal value (dysentery, hemorrhage, diabetes)
• Other NTFPs

  Salago

  • Bark fibers for the production of high quality paper (bank notes, stencil paper and similar products)
  • Also for fishlines and nets, clotheslines, sacks, bags, wallets and hats
• Other NTFPs:

  PANDAN

  • leaves for mats, handbags, hats, baskets, novelty items, cocooning frames, flavoring
• Other NTFPs:

  Cashew

  • nuts are edible
  • apple is edible --> juice or wine; preserves, jellies, syrups
• Other NTFPs:

  Pili

  • nuts are edible, raw nuts purgative
  • seeds a source of sweet oil
• Other NTFPs:

  Annato (achuete)

  • coloring extract for the food industry