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• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological condition
• Emotional Aftershock is the collective term used for the condition of people who develop stress reactions that negatively affect their physical and mental behavior after suffering from a disaster
• Displaced Population is the effect of a disaster that causes a group of people to leave their homes
• A disaster is the term used to refer to a damaging incident that happened unexpectedly in a certain society and caused harm to people and their properties
• Food Scarcity is the effect of a disaster that refers to the shortage of sustenance among people
• Disaster is an incident or natural disaster that causes the general public to suffer significant damage
• Hunger is NOT an example of a psychological effect of a disaster
• Economic perspective is the perspective of a disaster that shows how the government assesses, manages, and mitigates the effects of a disaster
• Pandemic is the spread of disease across a country or around the world
• Unemployment is NOT an example of the physical effects of a disaster
• Natural disasters can destroy a whole community in an instant, examples include volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, earthquakes, and typhoons
• Man-made disasters are caused by human beings and examples include bomb explosions, terrorism, wars, leakage of poisonous chemicals, pollutions, industrial accidents, and epidemics
• A hazard is a dangerous situation or event that carries a threat to humans. A disaster is an event that harms humans and disrupts the operations of society
• Displaced Populations is one of the most immediate effects of natural disasters, leading to population displacement
• Health Risks can arise from natural disasters, including stagnant water breeding waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes
• Food Scarcity is an effect of natural disasters that affects food supplies, leading to hunger and malnutrition
• Emotional Aftershocks from natural disasters can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children
• Physical Perspective of disasters involves calamities causing physical damage to infrastructure, people, and properties
• Psychological Perspective of disasters includes victims suffering from PTSD and other serious mental health conditions
• Socio-cultural Perspective of disasters involves changes in individual roles and disruption of social relationships and personal connections
• Economic Perspective of disasters includes effects such as loss of life, unemployment, loss of property, and loss of household articles
• Political Perspective of disasters shows how disasters can have major consequences for political stability and political legitimacy
• Biological Perspective of disasters involves the effects caused by prevalent diseases or viruses in epidemic or pandemic levels
• Most Vulnerable Sectors:

  • Physical/Material Vulnerability
  • Social/Organizational Vulnerability
  • Attitudinal/Motivational Vulnerability
• Less Vulnerable Sectors:

  • Not specified in the text
• Not Vulnerable Sectors:

  • Not specified in the text
• Disaster is defined as a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property
• Disasters can be relatively sudden, like earthquakes or oil spills, or unfold over a longer period, such as the effects of an ongoing pandemic or climatic disruption
• The effects of disasters can vary from minor damage to total destruction and can even lead to death
• Disasters can be divided into 2 large categories:

  • Natural Disasters: caused by natural forces like earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures
  • Man-made Disasters: caused by identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions
• Classification of disasters:

  1. Technological/industrial disasters: caused by human error or malfunction of technology systems, including industrial disasters caused by accidents, negligence, or incompetence

  2. Terrorism/Violence: threats involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction

  3. Complex humanitarian emergencies: large numbers of people displaced due to lack of personal safety and disruption of basic infrastructure, such as conflicts, wars, and genocide
• Risk is the possibility of loss or injury, or something that creates or suggests a hazard
• Disaster risk is the product of possible damage caused by a disaster due to vulnerability within a community

  1. Exposure: elements at risk from a hazard event

  2. Hazard: potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon, or human activity

  3. Vulnerability: condition determined by factors that increase susceptibility of a community to hazard impact
• Risk factors are processes or conditions that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity
• Severity of exposure measures those who experience disasters firsthand, with the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with victims and those most distant like those who only have awareness through news
• Gender and family: females suffer more adverse effects, especially when children are present, and marital relationships are strained
• Age: adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters, while children exhibit more stress than adults in general
• Economic status of a country: natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than man-caused disasters in developed countries
• Climate Change: a change in global or regional climate patterns caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
• Environmental Degradation: changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as exposure and vulnerability to these hazards