prokaryotes and eukaryotes effect on nucleus

• Features shared by all cells

  • cell membrane: controls entry and exit
  • Cytoplasm: fluid inside the cell
  • DNA: genetic material
• Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms. No membrane-bound organelles and few organelles in cytoplasm. DNA exists as a single circular strand. Cell membrane is surrounded by cell wall.
• Eukaryotes are unicellular organisms or multicellular organisms that have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. DNA is contained in the nucleus.
• Cell membranes

  • The thin, semi-permeable membrane
  • Controls what enters and exits the cell
• Cell wall

  • Found in plant and bacterial cells
  • Rigid and provides structural support
  • fully permeable
  • Located outside of the cell membranes
• Nucleus

  • Control center of the cell
  • Contains genetic material (DNA)
• Ribosome

  • Site of protein synthesis
  • Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytoplasm
• Endoplasmic reticulum

  • Connected to nuclear membrane
  • Transport network
• rough ER

  • Studded with ribosomes
  • Makes proteins
• smooth ER

  • no ribosomes
  • Synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and steroids
• Golgi apparatus (golgi bodies)


  stores, modifies, and packages proteins

  molecules transported to and from the golgi by means of vesicles
• Lysosomes are waste disposal of the cell. It contains digstive enzymes that break down wastes.
• Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It is the site of aerobic cellular respiration.
• Chloroplast is found in animal cells. It contains the green pigment chlorophyll. It is the site of photosynthesis- food (glucose) production.
• other plastids

  In plant cells and important for plant cell function and survival.
• Vacuoles

  Fluid- filled sac while stores water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.

  Plant cells- Contain a large central vacuole which also provides support.

  Animal cells- contain many smaller vacuoles
• Centrioles

  Aid in cell division

  Small cylindrical structures made of microtubules.