CDI 2 WEEK 2

• The preliminary investigation helps establish that a crime has been committed and attempts to identify the perpetrator(s)
• If an arrest cannot be made immediately, or investigation involves an in-depth effort on the part of the first responding officers, the investigation is usually passed on to an investigator
• The first 72 hours of a murder or kidnapping/abduction investigation is referred to as "The Golden Hour," which is the most crucial time for the investigator to collect vital evidence and information
• According to the PNP Criminal Investigation Manual, the phases in gathering all the facts are:

  • Phase 1: Identify the suspects through confession, eyewitness, and circumstantial evidence
  • Phase 2: Locate and apprehend the suspect
  • Phase 3: Gather and provide evidence to establish the guilt of the accused
• In a follow-up investigation, responsibilities include:

  • Becoming familiar with the initial report and determining leads
  • Viewing all evidence in the case and determining analysis needed
  • Coordinating with the preliminary investigator
  • Identifying the Modus Operandi (MO) and associating it with other cases
  • Collecting any additional evidence overlooked during the preliminary investigation
  • Attempting to identify and arrest a suspect based on a review of all facts, circumstances, statements, and evidence
• Tools of Investigation:

  • Information gathered from regular or cultivated sources
  • Interviewing suspects and witnesses
  • Using forensic technology as a tool in examining physical evidence
• Protocols in Criminal Investigation include:

  • Jurisdictional investigation of the territorial unit concerned
  • Official Police Blotter
  • Investigation term and equipment
  • Duties of first responders
  • Investigation of suspects
  • Taking sworn documents of suspects and witnesses
  • Preparation of reports for filing charges
  • Procedure in the release of the crime scene
• Understanding Characteristics of Human Nature:

  • People may lie due to reasons like freedom, money, reputation, and protection
  • Maintaining self-control is crucial for investigators
  • Criminals are creatures of habit, and Modus Operandi is based on this principle
  • Personal biases or prejudice must be taken into account during investigations
  • Group perception influences beliefs and attitudes
• Basic Components and Process of Crime Scene Investigation:

  • Different types of crime scenes based on time of commission, location, and source of evidence
  • General Investigative Procedures include steps like recording, searching for evidence, collection of evidence, preservation of evidence, and transmittal of evidence to the Crime Laboratory