speech

• Administration is the responsibility of the power team, consisting of the chairperson and secretary, who decide the agenda before the meeting
• Agenda is the official document of the meeting that needs to be short, simple, clear, informative, practical, and sent out prior to the meeting
• Adjournment: some business meant for discussion is postponed to the next meeting
• Quorum is the minimum number of people required to be present before the meeting starts, usually at least half
• Constitution is a set of rules governing a body or organization
• Vote of No Confidence occurs when someone proposes reasons to choose a new chairperson
• Meeting is an official gathering of appointed individuals who manage the affairs of an association or group
• Minutes are the written or recorded documentation of what happened in the meeting, including discussions, motions, action points, and dissenters
• Motions are formal proposals that are put forward to an organization
• Roles in the committee include Chairperson, Vice Chairperson, Treasurer, Secretary, Public Officer, Social Secretary, Catering Officer, and Honorary Officer
• Purpose of a meeting: to inform, decide, make a plan of action, and socialize
• Order of top 10 activities in meetings:

  • Opening
  • Apologies
  • Previous minutes
  • Business arising on the minutes
  • Correspondence
  • Treasurer report
  • Discussion agenda item 1
  • Debate, motions, and votes
  • General business
  • Declaration closed
• Types of Meetings:

  • AGM: Annual General Meeting --> Annual reports, Voting for important roles or chairperson, Constitution decides when, Chairman doesn't vote
  • EDM: Extraordinary General Meeting --> Special cases not discussed in AGM, Chairman doesn't vote
  • OGM: Ordinary General Meeting --> New members/visitors are welcomed, Regular business meeting for members, Occur at regular intervals
  • Executive --> Democratic meeting where decisions are made only by executives
• Qualities and role of a chairperson:

  • Calm, appreciative, organized, fair, authoritative, inclusive
  • Ensure order and timing, guide and control the meeting, familiar with the constitution and meeting procedures
  • Referred to as 'Mr Chair' or 'Madame Chair'
• Why is it better to breathe through our nose instead of our mouth?

  • Filter hairs/mucus 
  • Over mic avoid noisy oral breathing
• Bad breathing techniques: 

  • Clavicular breathing
  • No space
  • Few muscles
  • Creates tension
  • Abdominal breathing
  • Rib reserve breathing 
• what is the best breathing technique

  intercostal diaphragmatic
• 1. How do you breathe using the intercostal diaphragmatic breathing technique?

  Ribs expand up and out before taking a breath through the nose or mouth. The diaphragm descends (more capacity in lungs). To equalise pressure air rushes in. Inhaled air travels down the pharynx, larynx and trachea, into the bronchial tubes and then the lungs. 

  We exhale and the abdominal muscle pushes the diaphragm back to its original position, and the ribs also resume to their original position. This pushes the air out of the lungs, up the trachea, through the larynx and pharynx, and out through the nose or mouth. 
• breathing facts:

  • The spine and ribs help with breathing 
  • The intercostal muscles are between the ribs which also help with breathing 
  • When we breathe in it creates more space inside the chest allowing for the lungs to expand
  • The abdominal muscles contract when we breathe out 
  • When your body is tense it puts strain on the vocal folds
  • Make sure your spine is lengthened, and your shoulders, neck and jaw do not have tension
• 1. What is the correct method of breathing?

  There are many good and bad methods of breathing but the best method of breathing is the intercostal diaphragmatic breathing technique. It engages the diaphragm, intercostal, abdominal, and pelvic floor muscles. 
• What is the incorrect method of breathing?

  Clavicular breathing, abdominal breathing and rib reserve breathing are all incorrect ways of breathing. By doing any of these techniques you leave no space for your lungs, few muscles are used and it creates tension therefore making it difficult to breathe. 
• How would you breathe if you were nervous and need to give a presentation? 

  Whenever you are speaking it is important to not have tension in your body as it restricts your breathing, if I were nervous before a presentation I would make sure to use the intercostal diaphragmatic breathing technique. It creates space for your lungs to expand, does not create tension and uses many muscles. 
• What muscles do you use when breathing correctly?

  The main muscles used when breathing are the abdominal muscles, intercostal muscles and the diaphragm. The abdominal muscles are used to control the movement of the diaphragm. The intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs when breathing in. When breathing out the abdominal muscles contract, diaphragm rises and the ribs return to their original place. 
• What organs are contained in the thorax?

  The 5 main muscles that make up the thorax are the external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, subcostalis, and transversus thoracis. 
• Why is diaphragmatic intercostal breathing the best form for good voice production?

  The intercostal breathing technique is the best breathing technique because it engages the diaphragm, intercostal, abdominal, and pelvic floor muscles without creating tension and therefore making it difficult to breathe or creating a harsh tone. 
• What is the effect on voice production if the diaphragm is not used sufficiently during breathing?

  The diaphragm is very important when breathing so if not used sufficiently you won't create a powerful voice and your overall breathing support and aid in the improvement of your vocal quality will decrease. 
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COUNTRY 

  • Acknowledge land → Wangal People of Eora Nation
  • Past + present + emerging → respect
  • Extend respect to Indigenous people here with us today 
  • Always was, always will be 

  I'd like to acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land we gather here today, the Wangal people of the eora nation and pay my respects to elders past and present and emerging. I would like to extend my respect to indigenous people here with us today. Always was, always will be aboriginal land. 
• INTRODUCTION

  • Call for attention
  • Credibility 
  • Who is it 
  • What are they presenting 
  • Refer to speaker 
  • Make sure everybody claps  
  • Don’t leave the stage until the person is comfortable over the microphone 
• PRESENTING A GIFT

  • Call for attention
  • Thank them
  • Handshake 
  • Make sure everybody claps  
• PRESENTING AN AWARD 

  • What are they getting the award for 
  • Why are they getting the award 
  • Find something noteworthy in their winning of the award 
• EXPRESSION OF THANKS 

  • Find something in their speech that was meaningful 
  • On behalf of… 
  • Make sure everybody claps  
• LOYAL TOAST 

  • “To king and country”
• TOAST 

  • Please get a glass and make sure it is full 
  • It gives me great pleasure to celebrate “_____”
  • Why they have been an inspiration / positive influence 
  • Direct it to them “name and name” 
  • Stand and raise your glasses “to ___”
• GESTURES notes

  • Anthropologist - person who studies human behaviour 
  • Important people take up lots of space 
  • An audience decides if they want to listen in the first 20 seconds 

  Albert Mehrabian (1970s) 

  • 38%: Vocal (tone of voice/modulation) 
  • 7%: Verbal (words) 
  • 55%: Non verbal (gesture, stance, facial expression, posture, stance) 

  Where words fail, people will understand based on the way you say things 
• Three types of gestures: 

  1. Symbolic - eg. holding up the number 3, thumbs up, pointing 
  2. Descriptive - eg. to the side, showing size 
  3. Emotional - eg. putting your hand to your heart = love, fist = power 
• Gesture should be open 

  • Closed: barrier between audience and speaker, closed off
  • Wide and expansive → should be able to be seen from far away 

  Gestures - support and emphasise points in your speech

  • Be aware that over planned gestures are mechanical and distracting

  Mid body range → between shoulders and hips so everyone can see them and doesn't block face 
• Gesture should be culturally appropriate 

  • Eg. pointing could be considered rude, putting your thumb up → symbolic of birds in some cultures 
  • If you are presenting in another country, some symbols can be highly offensive  

  Not repetitive

  Spontaneous → it shouldn’t be overly planned out 

  • Mechanical and robotic 

  Well-matched to content
• Stay calm and grounded 

  • Gives you a really firm base to speak off 
  • Breathe more deeply 
  • Shows that you are calm and in authority 
  • Shouldn’t be distracting
• Gestures should:

  • Communicate your individuality
  • Arise naturally and be meaningful
  • Avoid repetition of same gesture - audience might be so distracted they start counting the gesture and cease to engage with your presentation
  • Other habits can become distracting - fiddling, hands in pockets, distracting glasses
  • If speech does not require any movement or reference to visual aids try to keep them still
  • Remain in a neutral grounded stance - poised and relaxed - not rigid 
• visual aids - tech

  BYO laptop --> Confident, know how it works, ensure there is somewhere to plug in your computer with correct cables, charged

  provided computer --> make sure slides are the same

  Presenting --> computer close (easy to change), not placed between you and audience, Finish speaking before trying to switch slide, better if you have a remote control

  Using notes with PowerPoint Presentations --> Have your points on the slides to remind yourself, finish speaking if you need to look at slides

  Planning speech --> Don't get carried away, plan a good speech