crude oil and hydrocarbons

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  How crude oil is formed
• What is meant by a hydrocarbon?

  Molecules made of hydrogen and carbon atoms
• What is an alkane?

  A type of hydrocarbon with single bonds
• What products are derived from crude oil?

  • Plastics
  • Petrol
  • Pharmaceuticals
  • Cosmetics
• How is crude oil formed?

  From remains of tiny sea creatures buried in mud
• What is the nature of crude oil as a resource?

  It is a finite resource
• What is the formula for methane?

  CH₄
• What does the structural formula of methane show?

  One carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms
• What is the definition of a hydrocarbon?

  Molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only
• What is the name of the hydrocarbon with the formula C₂H₆?

  Ethane
• What are hydrocarbons like methane and ethane classified as?

  Alkanes
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  C_nH_2n+2
• If n equals 1, how many hydrogen atoms are in methane?

  4 hydrogen atoms
• If n equals 2, how many hydrogen atoms are in ethane?

  6 hydrogen atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms are in propane with three carbon atoms?

  8 hydrogen atoms
• How many hydrogen atoms are in butane with four carbon atoms?

  10 hydrogen atoms
• Why are alkanes described as saturated molecules?

  Because carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen
• Which alkane structures should you memorize for the exam?

  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Butane
• Where can you find more questions on hydrocarbons?

  In the revision workbook
• What is the significance of the general formula for alkanes in exams?

  You could be asked to use it
• What is the process of calculating hydrogen atoms in alkanes?

  1. Identify the number of carbon atoms (n)
  2. Use the formula: H = 2n + 2
  3. Calculate the number of hydrogen atoms