science

• Main reasons why we need to eat:

  • To get energy for activities like running and walking
  • To grow and repair damage
  • To stay healthy and prevent disease
• We need to consume the 7 basic food substances in the correct amount to have a balanced diet
• The 7 basic food substances (nutrients) are:

  • Carbohydrates: provide energy
  • Protein: essential for growth and repair
  • Fat: stored energy under the skin
  • Fibre: aids digestion and maintains a healthy digestive system
  • Vitamins: needed in small amounts for important chemical reactions in the body
  • Water: prevents dehydration and aids digestion
• Nerves are long fibers that carry messages between parts of the body.
• The human body is made up of different systems, including the nervous system.
• The brain is responsible for controlling thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
• Why do we need to eat?

  A] to keep us energised
• Carbohydrates:

  • Primary source of energy for the body
  • Include sugars, starches, and fibers
  • Sugars provide quick energy, while starches offer longer-lasting energy
  • Fiber aids in digestion and helps regulate blood sugar levels
• Proteins:

  • Essential for building and repairing tissues in the body
  • Made up of amino acids, some of which are considered essential because the body cannot produce them on its own
  • Sources include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts, and seeds
• Fats:

  • Concentrated sources of energy
  • Vital for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
  • Play a role in cell membrane structure and hormone production
  • Types include saturated fats, unsaturated fats, and trans fats, each with varying effects on health
• Vitamins:

  • Organic compounds essential for various physiological functions in the body
  • Can be water-soluble (e.g., vitamin C and B-complex vitamins) or fat-soluble (e.g., vitamins A, D, E, and K)
• Minerals:

  • Inorganic elements necessary for bodily functions such as bone formation, fluid balance, and nerve transmission
  • Examples include calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and zinc
  • Obtained through diet from sources like fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and nuts
• Water:

  • Vital for life and makes up a significant portion of the human body
  • Essential for various functions, including temperature regulation, nutrient transport, and waste removal
  • Staying hydrated is crucial for overall health and well-being
• Phytochemicals:

  • Natural compounds found in plants associated with health benefits
  • Examples include antioxidants like flavonoids, polyphenols, and carotenoids
  • Abundant in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and herbs