Rate and extent of chemical change

• calculating the rate of reaction

  amount of reactants used/time
• factors which affect rates of chemical reactions

  • temperature
  • pressure
  • concentration
• collision theory


  how various factors affect rates of reaction
• activation energy

  minimum amount of energy that particles must have to react
• increasing the concentration

  increases frequency of collisions and rate of reaction
• increasing the temperature

  increases the frequency of collisions and rate of reactions
• reversible reaction ->

  uses hot conditions
• reversible reaction <- 


  uses cold conditions
• increase in pressure


  equillibrium shifts forwards smaller no. molecules
• decrease in pressure 


  equilibrium shifts towards side with larger no. molecules