Organic Chemistry

• crude oil

  mixture of hydrocarbons
• fractional distillation process

  • crude oil passed through Furness, heated at 350°C
  • Caused hydrocarbons to evaporate
  • Mixture of gaseous, hydrocarbons, fed up into a distillation column
  • cool at the top (refiner gases)
• Properties of hydrocarbons

  Boiling point viscosity flammability
• alkenes formula

  CnH2n
• alkene

  • double bonds
  • unsaturated
  • greater reactivity
• alkene test is...

  BROMINE

  • orange bromines water to colourless
• Examples of alkene

  • ethene
  • propene
  • butene
  • Pentene
• Alkanes formula

  CnH(2n+2)
• Alkanes

  • single bond
  • saturated
  • least reactivity
• Alcohol formula


  CnH(2n+1)OH
• examples of alcohol

  methanol= CH3OH

  ethanol= CH3CH2OH

  propanol= CH3CH2CH2OH
• equation for sugars broken down by yeast enzymes


  sugar= ethanol + carbon dioxide
• fermentation conditions

  • 37°C
  • Acidic environment
  • Anaerobic (no oxygen)
• Carboxylic acids


  CnH(2n+1)COOH
• Carboxylic acids


  Harshly ionise in water= weak acids