Adrenal Glands

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Emile <3

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Hormones are carried in the blood plasma and only cells carrying complementary cell surface receptor/specific transcription factors respond.
Hormones are effective, long lasting and widespread.
Exocrine glands secrete chemicals into ducts e.g. enzymes, sweat, salivary and mammary glands.
Endocrine glands secrete hormones straight into the bloodstream.
Steroid hormones are fat-soulble hormones made from cholesterol
Cortisol and Aldosterone are steroid hormones.
Oestrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones.
Steroid hormones can pass through the membrance and enter the cell and the nucleus, to have a direct effect on the DNA.
Non-Steroidal Hormones are protein, peptide hormones and derivatives ssof amino acids.
Adrenaline, insulin and glucagon are non-steroidal hormones.
Non-Steroidal hormones are not soluble in the phospholipid membrane and do not enter the cell.
Non-Steroidal Hormones are known as signalling molecules.
Non-Steroidal Hormones need to bind to the cell surface receptors (present on target cells) and release a second messenger inside the cell.
Non-Steroidal Hormones are water soluble.
Steroid hormones are lipid soluble.
Testosterone and oestrogen diffuse across plasma cell membrane and target transcripton factors that in turn bind to DNA and activate gene expression.
Steroids regluate long term changes rather than a short term response.
Non-Steroid hormones are first messengers.
Non-steroid hormones cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane, instead they bind to a surface receprot on the target cell to form a hormone receptor complex.
The formation of the hormone receptor complex activates a second messenger inside the cell often cAMP. This second messenger initiates changes within the cell.
The Adrenal Gland sits on top of the kidneys.
The Adrenal Gland has three sections to the cortex
Zona Glomerulus
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis
Zona Glomerulus - outer layer secrete mineral corticoids e.g. aldosterone regluates blood pressure.