UNIT1.LEC1.TOPIC 1

• Computer is an electronic device that can store large amounts of data, perform operations on data, process data whenever needed, and display the result as output
• Computer systems consist of four parts: Hardware, Software, Data, and User
• Hardware includes mechanical devices in the computer that can be touched
• Software tells the computer what to do and is also known as a program
• Data consists of pieces of information that the computer organizes and presents
• Users are the people operating the computer and tell it what to do
• The Information Processing Cycle involves the steps of Input, Processing, Output, and Storage
• Essential Computer Hardware includes Processing devices, Memory devices, Input and output devices, and Storage devices
• Processing devices are the brains of the computer that carry out instructions from the program
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a primary processing device made of silicon and copper
• Memory devices store data or programs, with Random Access Memory (RAM) being volatile and Read Only Memory (ROM) providing permanent storage of programs
• Input and output devices allow the user to interact with the computer, with examples like keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, and speaker
• Storage devices hold data and programs permanently, with magnetic storage (floppy and hard drive) and optical storage (CD and DVD drives) being common types
• Software includes System software and Application software
• System software, such as Operating systems like Windows XP and utility programs like Symantec AntiVirus, is the most important software
• Application software accomplishes specific tasks, with examples like MS Word covering common uses of computers
• Processing in a computer involves operations like calculations, logical decision making, outputting data, and communicating with others
• Characteristics of computers include speed, arithmetical and logical operations, accuracy, reliability, storage, retrieval of data and programs, automation, versatility, consistency, and communications
• Applications of computers span various fields like science research, education, business applications, banking, office automation, engineering designing, medicine, and information services
• Internet is the interconnection of many computers via a network, providing various application services like E-Mail, Usenet, WWW, Telnet, and FTP
• Uses of the Internet include searching, E-mail service, commercial services, electronic books and publications, video conferencing, sharing data and results quickly, retrieving files and programs of all types, finding information databases and tutorials, news, banking, downloading/uploading information, and more
• ICT (Information and Communication Technology) refers to the extraordinary development in information and communication technology during the last decade of the twentieth century
• ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology
• Extraordinary development in ICT during the last decade of the twentieth century led to a transmutation of processes and practices in almost all aspects of human activities
• ICTs are the technologies used in the conveying, manipulation, and storage of data by electronic means
• Information is data that has been sorted and arranged, consisting of organized facts and opinions received during daily life
• Data processing or information processing involves gathering, organizing, and reporting data to make it useful to people, often done using information technology
• ICT tools include radio, television, video, DVD, telephone (fixed line & mobile), satellite systems, computer and network hardware and software, blogs, Blackboard, OHP, phone, pager, TV/VHS, wireless phone, LCD, PC, whiteboard, interactive panel, forums, search engine, e-Groups
• Communication is the act of transferring information from one place to another
• The classic communication system consists of an information source, an encoder, a transmitter, a receiver, a decoder, storage, retrieval, and an information destination
• Synchronous communication methods include online chat, text-based, audio-based, and video-based communication, mobile technology conferencing, phone, satellite, television channel, and video conferencing
• Asynchronous communication methods include discussion forums, blogs, e-Groups, Wikipedia (knowledge base), Google (search engine), mobile SMS, MMS, and podcasting
• The scope of the Internet as an ICT includes education, research, communication, leisure and entertainment, exploring the world, finance, shopping, and more
• Green ICT aims to reduce energy and resource consumption, emissions, and waste produced across the ICT lifecycle, improving environmental sustainability of organizations
• Green ICT aims to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions during ICT use, reduce the environmental impact of disposal of ICT waste products, and explore how ICT applications can help other sectors conserve and optimize energy usage
• Useful keys related to the Internet include network, client, server, protocol (TCP/IP), and portal
• Router is a device that decides where data will be sent, www stands for World Wide Web, browser is a program that helps us use the Internet, website is a group of different web pages, and URL stands for Universal Resource Locator
• Types of websites (domains) include .com for commercial organizations, .net for large networks, .gov for government organizations, .org for non-profit organizations, .edu for educational organizations, .mil for military organizations, and country-specific domains like .in for India, .au for Australia, .us for the United States, .uk for the United Kingdom, and .ph for the Philippines
• What is HDD?


  A hard drive or hard disk drive (HDD) is a type of data storage device that is used in laptops and desktop computers. An HDD is a “non-volatile” storage drive, which means it can retain the stored data even when no power is supplied to the device. Hard disk drives (HDDs) are more common in older devices.
• What is SSD?


  A solid-state drive is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory, and functions as secondary storage in the hierarchy of computer storage.