Evolution

• Evolution is the change over time that occurs to species, not individuals, and explains the diversity of life on Earth today
• Charles Darwin is known as the father of evolution and was a great English naturalist
• Jean Baptiste de Lamarck proposed the theory of use and disuse and acquired inheritance in evolution
• Darwin's work includes writing books like "Origin of Species" and "Voyage of the Beagle" and making observations on adaptation and survival of different species
• The theory of natural selection is the major mechanism in the origin and evolution of species
• Survival of the fittest refers to species that have variations allowing them to tackle environmental conditions for reproduction and survival
• The fossil record provides evidence for studying evolution and includes traces of organisms preserved in the environment
• Comparative anatomy includes homologous structures, which are structures from different species with similar internal frameworks
• Homologous structures may perform different functions in the species they belong to
• Homologous Structure:

  • Structures from different species with similar internal framework
  • May perform different functions in species living in different environments
• Analogous Structure:

  • Structures of unrelated species that evolve to look alike for similar functions
  • Have similar functions but different origins
• Embryonic Development:

  • An embryo is an early stage of development in an organism
  • Includes the development of blastula, gastrula, and organogenesis
  • Embryos of species like salamanders, lizards, birds, cats, and humans are similar during the 1st stage of development and have several homologous structures not present in adults
• Overproduction

  • No limit set for any species to give birth to a particular number of offspring.
• More numbers of species, the higher the competition will be for their survival.

  Competition
• It is the key ingredient for survival of the species. Those species who have suitable variation, have a higher chance of survival.

  Variation
• Three Types of Adaptation

  1. Structural
  2. Chemical
  3. Behavioral
• Camouflage

  • organisms blend
• Warning Coloration

  • bright colors make an organism easily manage.
• Mimicry

  • species are protected by resembling another species or part of an organism.
• Fossils Record

  • Examples of evidence that paleontologists used in studying evolution.
  • They are traces of organisms that live in the part and were preserved by the natural environment.
• Paleontologist

  • Person who study fossils.
• It refers to the non-functioning parts of a living organism

  Vestigial Organ
• • It refers to the parts of living organisms that have different structures but similar functions.
  • Structures of unrelated species may evolve to look alike because the structure is adapted to similar functions.

  Analogous structure
• Structures from different species which have similar internal frameworks.

  May perform different functions in the species living in the different environment

  Homologous Structure
• Embryo is an early stage of development in an organism.