Social Learning Theory

• What does SLT propose?

  We learn behavioural responses through observational learning and imitation of role models
• Aggression

  Aggressive behaviour is more likely to be imitated if the observer, observes the role model being rewarded for their aggression = vicarious reinforcement

  Less likely if the role model is punished for their aggression (vicarious punishment)
• Identification

  ---> idea that some role models are more likely to be imitated.

  • If the observer considers the role model to be high status, attractive or similar to observer e.g. age they are more likely to imitate the model
• Self efficacy

  ---> observers confidence in if they can perform behaviour

  • This may be increased if being aggressive has been successful for them in the past
• 4 cognitive mediating factors

  • Attention
  • Retention
  • Reproduction
  • Motivation

  These are needed for imitation
• Strength of SLT

  Empirical evidence

  
  

  Bandura Bobo Doll - showed that children who observed an aggressive adult model were more likely to imitate the aggression, especially if the model was rewarded (vicarious reinforcement)

  
  

  Supports idea that aggression can be learned through observation, imitation and reinforcement

  
  

  Increases validity of explanation
• Weakness of SLT

  Reductionism

  
  

  SLT explains aggression solely on environmental factors like observation and imitation it ignores biological influences such as genetics, hormones e.g. testosterone

  
  

  Someone people show high levels of aggression without having aggressive model which could suggest a biological influence

  
  

  Decreases reliability
• Strengths of SLT

  Practical applications

  
  

  Understanding that aggression can be learned suggests that aggressive role models (e.g. in media, games or family) should be limited and non aggressive behaviours positively reinforced

  
  

  Can be used in parenting, education and media regulation to reduce aggression in society

  
  

  Increases practical applicability