binomial classification

• classification order -

  1. kingdom
  2. phylum
  3. class
  4. order
  5. family
  6. genus
  7. species
• A species are organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring
• the binomial system -

  • Uses Latin or Greek names
  • The first name is the generic name and this is the Genus to which the organism belongs–(Similar to the surname of a person)
  • The second name is the specific name and this is the species. –(Similar to the first name of a person)
• Different species has a binomial and a common name. The binomial name is the genus followed by the species name for any organism
• Carl Linnaeus classified living things based on their structure and characteristics

  
• Animalia

  • Eukaryotic cells without cell wall. They probably developed from protozoa
  • Muscle cells present (except few small species)
  • Multicellular with specialised cells
  • Heterotrophic (no chloroplasts)
  • Mainly motile, but some sessile forms
  • Nervous cells present (except from Porifera)
• plantae -

  • Eukaryotic cells with cellulose wall, vacuole with cell sap, chloroplasts
  • multicellular
  • •Autotrophic with very rare cases of parasitism (Cuscuta)
  • •Similar cells to green algae’s, but plants are mainly adapted to live on land. Likely they have evolved from a marine green alga which become adapted to wet places on land
• Fungi -

  • Eukaryotic cells. Mainly multicellular
  • Cell wall similar to plants. It’s made of chitin
  • Heterotrophic (no chloroplasts). They feed either saprotrophically (absorbing organic/inorganic nutrients from the surroundings) or parasitically
  • They reproduce using spores (sexually or asexually)
• Protoctista/ Protists

  • Algae (plant like)
  • cell wall, chloroplast. Autotrophic (they make their own food)
  • some motile
  • some multicellular
  • single celled
  • animal like cell. No cell wall
  • some have well developed cytoskeleton
  • Heterotrophic (need to feed)
• Prokaryotae

  • bacteria and cyanobacteria
  • no nucleus
  • no membrane bound organelled
  • single cells or clusters of cells
  • peptidoglycan cell wall
• • Carl Woese studied the evolutionary relationships of prokaryotes.
  • He pioneered RNA sequencing in bacteria and used this to construct phylogenetic trees of prokaryotes.
  • He noticed that 1 group of bacteria completely lacked the characteristics sequences of other bacteria- thus he proposed the 3 domain theory.
• Morphology - physical characteristics
• homologous - structures that have common ancestry
• taxonomy - naming things
• phylogeny - evolutionary history of an organism
• Domain Archaea

  • Contains 1 kingdom
  • the Archaebacteria
• Domain Bacteria

  • Has 1 kingdom
  • the Eubacteria
• Domain Eukarya

  • Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made up of eukaryotic cells
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Animalia
  • Plantae