Skeletal Sytem :)

• What are all of the 19 bones in the body?


  Cranium, Ribs, Clavicle, Sternum, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Pelvis, Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Metatarsals, Phalanges x2, Carpals, Vertebrae column (spine)
• What are all the types of joints?


  Hinge, Ball and socket, Pivot, Condyloid
• What are all the different types of tendons?

  The Flexor Tendons, The Extensor Tendons, The Ligamentous Tendons.
• What are all the different types of ligaments?

  Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)Medial cruciate ligament (MCL)Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
• Functions of the skeletal system?

  Protection - The cranium and ribs protect the brain and vital organs.

  Shape - Gives shape to the body and make you tall/short.

  Support - Holds your vital organs in place when playing sports.

  Movement - Muscles are attached to bones, which are jointed.

  Blood Production - Carries oxygen by red blood cells and white blood cells for protecting against infection.
• What is a joint?

  A joint is a point where two or more bones meet in the body.
• Classification of bones?

  Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones.
• Long Bones?

  Long bones aid movement by working as levers.

  Examples - Femur and humerus.

  Long bones work as a lever to increase the pace of the ball when kicked.
• Short Bones?

  Short bones are weight bearing and provide support.

  Examples - Carpals and tarsals.

  Supporting body weight in a handstand.
• Flat Bones?

  Flat bones provide protection and a broad surface for the muscles to attach to.

  Examples - Cranium, scapula and the ribs.

  The cranium protects the brain if hit by a cricket ball.
• Irregular Bones?

  Irregular bones provide protection and a place for muscle attachment.

  Examples - Vertebrae.

  Muscles attached to the vertebrae allow a hockey player to bend their back low to dibble the ball.
• What does Flexion mean?

  Bending, When the angle of a joint decreases.
• What does extension mean?

  Extension refers to the action of making something longer/larger.
• What does Abduction mean?

  Moving something away from the midline of the body.
• What does rotation mean?


  When the bone at a joint moves around it's own axis, so making a circular motion. Rotation allows for the biggest range of motion.
• What does adduction mean?

  The movement of a limb towards the midline of the body. Adduction occurs at a ball and socket joint.
• Circumduction?

  Movement in the shape of a cone.

  Allows 360 degrees of movement.

  Occurs at ball and socket joint.

  For example - The shoulder action when swimming butterfly.
• What are synovial joints?

  Joints that allow for free movement.
• What is arthritis?

  Inflammation of the joints.
• What is a hinge joint?

  A hinge joint is a type of joint that allows movement in only one plane, like the elbow or knee joint.
• What are immoveable joints?

  These are fixed joints that do not allow any movement.

  For example, joints in the bones of the cranium.
• What is Osteoporosis?

  A disease of the bones which makes them weak and fragile whihc can lead to a high risk of bone fracture. It is mainly due to a reduced amount of calcium and vitamin D in the bones. It is common in older people as their bones start to weaken.