micro-para

• Microbiology is the study of all living organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
• Microbiology comes from Ancient Greek words meaning 'small life' and 'study of'
• Microbiology involves manipulating minute organisms and understanding how they impact daily lives
• Branches of Microbiology by Taxonomy:

  • Bacteriology: study of bacteria
  • Virology: study of viruses
  • Mycology: deals with fungal microorganisms like fungi, molds, yeasts
  • Parasitology: involves unicellular and multicellular parasites
  • Immunology: study of the immune system and its interactions with pathogens
  • Nematology: study of nematodes (roundworms)
  • Phycology: study of algae
  • Protozoology: study of protozoa, single-celled organisms like amoebae
• Branches of Microbiology by Type of Applied Microbiological Research:

  • Agricultural Microbiology: study of microorganisms interacting with plants and soils
  • Food Microbiology: study of microorganisms that spoil food or cause foodborne illnesses, and how they are used in food production
  • Medical Microbiology: study of microorganisms causing human disease
  • Microbial Biotechnology: using microbes in industrial or consumer products
  • Pharmaceutical Microbiology: study of microorganisms used in pharmaceutical products like vaccines and antibiotics
• Relevance to Nursing:

  • Proper specimen handling
  • Strict compliance to sanitation procedures
  • Vaccination
  • Proper patient management
• History of Microbiology:

  • Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Father of Microbiology
  • Robert Koch: Father of Modern Bacteriology, discovered anthrax and bacteria responsible for tuberculosis and cholera
  • Louis Pasteur: French chemist and microbiologist known for vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization
  • Francesco Redi: Father of Modern Parasitology, proposed the theory of biogenesis
  • Robert Hooke: First used the word "cell" to describe microscopic cavities in cork
  • Jan Baptiste Evan Helmont: Supported the theory of Spontaneous Generation
• • John Needham: Accepted the Theory of Spontaneous Generation
  • Lazzaro Spallanzani: Disagreed with Needham's conclusions
  • Shibasaburo Kitasato: Discovered the bacterium causing bubonic plague
• History of the Classification of Microorganisms:

  • Taxonomy is the systematic classification of living organisms
  • Aristotle classified living things as plants and animals
  • Carl Linnaeus introduced the classification system with genus and species
  • Ernst Henrich Haeckel divided organisms into 3 kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Protista
  • Carl Woese introduced the three-domain system: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Eukaryotes
• Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells:

  • Prokaryotic cells:
  • Unicellular
  • Absent nucleus
  • Circular DNA
  • Lack membrane-bound organelles
  • Reproduce sexually and asexually
  • Examples are bacteria and archaea cells
  • Eukaryotic cells:
  • Unicellular or multicellular
  • Nucleus is present
  • Linear DNA
  • Has membrane-bound organelles
  • Cell division by mitosis
  • Examples are plant and animal cells, including humans
• Thank You for listening!