Exam 1 Review

Cards (92)

  • What are concentrations reported as?

    quantity per volume
  • Molarity is defined as the number of moles per liter of solution.
  • Molality is defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
  • W/v stands for weight of solute in volume of solvent.
  • V/v stands for volume of solute, volume of solution.
  • Colligative properties refer to the behavior of particles in a solution.
  • Boiling point is the temperature at which solvent turns to vapor.
  • Vapor pressure is inversely related to concentration.
  • Freezing point is the temperature at which solvent turns into a solid.
  • A buffer is defined as either a weak acid or weak base and its related conjugate or salt.
  • Dessicants are hygroscopic chemicals or substances meant to control humidity in an environment.
  • The freezing point is inversely related to concentration
  • v/v is the volume of solute, volume of solution
  • boiling point is directly related to concentration
  • the vapor pressure is the pressure at which liquid solvent is in equilibrium to its vapor
  • carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon; hydrates of ketone/aldehyde
  • monosaccharides are 1 sugar
  • disaccharides are 2 monosaccharides together
  • the monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose
  • examples of disaccharides - sucrose, lactose, maltose
  • disaccharides are assembled by dehydration synthesis, or putting molecules together by taking away water
  • disaccharides are broken down by hydrolysis, where water is added
  • sucrose is fructose and glucose
  • lactose is galactose and glucose
  • maltose is glucose and glucose
  • starch is the most well known polysaccharide; formal name is amylose; when digested, we break it down with enzyme amylase; consists of long, unbranched 1,4 linkages; made up of alpha glucose
  • cellulose - get from plants; commonly called fiber, not digested easily; made up of Beta glucose chains; we would need enzyme cellulase to break it down; we lack this enzyme, but some NF in GI tract have it, causes gas
  • glycogen - storage of glucose; very branched; contains 1,4 and 1,6 linkages; have enzymes in liver to break back down to glucose
  • amylopectin - another polysaccharide; highly branched 1,4 and 1,6 linkages; not water soluble; we lack enzyme to digest
  • glycolysis - cleaving glucose molecule with end result of producing 2 ATP
  • fructose is absorbed passively
  • glucose and galactose need active transport (or are absorbed actively)
  • fructose and galactose are converted to glucose
  • normal glucose levels in plasma are 70-110 mg/dL
  • normal glucose levels in CSF are 40-70 mg/dL
  • insulin
    • role: facilitates entry of glucose into cells
    • source: beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in pancreas
    • release: released as proinsulin, borken down into insulin and c-peptides
  • insulin increases glycogenesis, lipogenesis
    insulin inhibits glycogenolysis
  • liver, adipose, muscle promotes glucose uptake
  • glycogenesis is the conversion of glucose to glycogen
  • lipogenesis is the conversion of glucose to fat