DNA

• DNA is a polymer which is two strands and called a double helix shape
• DNA is in long structures called

  chromosomes
• DNA contains instructions to make organisms work
• What's the smallest structure in terms of DNA and inheritance?

  A gene
• What's the largest structure in terms of DNA and inheritance?

  Nucleus
• Name the structures in size order in terms of DNA and inheritance from smallest to largest

  Gene

  DNA

  Chromosome

  Nucleus
• Chromosomes are long strands of...

  DNA
• DNA is the chemical that..

  all genetic information in a cell is made up of
• Whatever is in your DNA determines your..

  characteristics
• DNA are polymers made up of repeating units called nucleotides
• What type of structure is DNA?

  polymer
• What does a nucleotide consist of?

  one sugar

  one phosphate group

  one base
• The sugar and phosphate groups

  alternate
• One of how many bases joins to each sugar in the nucleotide?

  4
• Name the four bases in nucleotides

  A

  T

  C

  G
• Each base in a nucleotide links to a base on the opposite strand in the helix
• A will always pair up with what letter in terms of bases and nucleotides?

  T (Thymine)
• C will always pair up with what letter in terms of bases and nucleotides?

  G
• What is it called when the base letters pair up with specific letters?

  Complementary base pairing
• The order of bases in a gene decides the order of amino acids in a protein
• Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of three bases in the gene
• Proteins are made in the cell cytoplasm on tiny structures called ribosomes
• To make proteins ribosomes use the code from what?

  DNA
• DNA is found in the cell nucleus and can't move out because it's very big
• The cell gets the code from the DNA to the ribosome using what?

  mRNA
• mRNA is made by copying the code from DNA
• What acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes?

  mRNA
• Amino acids are brought to the ribosomes in the correct order by..

  carrier molecules
• Enzymes are proteins and act as biological catalysts to do what?

  Speed up chemical reactions in the body
• Hormones are a type of protein that are used to do what?

  carry messages around the body
• Structural proteins are a type of protein that are...


  physically strong