Artificial Intelligence

• Intelligence is intellectual potential.
• Intelligence is something we are born with, something that can be measured, and a capacity that is difficult to change
• Howard Gardner is the person who theorized the Multiple Intelligences
• The 8 Multiple Intelligences are:

  • Visual-Spatial
  • Linguistic-Verbal
  • Interpersonal
  • Intrapersonal
  • Logical-Mathematical
  • Musical
  • Bodily-Kinesthetic
  • Naturalistic
• Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that concerns with building intelligent smart machines capable of performing intelligent tasks.
• AI is "The Science and Engineering of making Intelligent Machines" - John McCarthy
• The 6 Main Branches of AI according to Digital Adoption:

  • Machine Learning
  • Neural Networks
  • Robotics
  • Expert Systems
  • Fuzzy Logic
  • Natural Language Processing
• Two Types of AI:

  Based on Capabilities

  Based on Functionalities
• Types of AI based on Capabilities:

  • Narrow AI
  • General AI
  • Super AI
• Types of AI based on functionalities:

  • Reactive Machines
  • Limited Memory
  • Theory of Mind
  • Self-Aware
• AI is any form of intelligence shown by a machine, which resembles natural (human) intelligence such as planning, learning, problem-solving,etc.
• ML is the ability of machines to predict outcomes by mapping the outcome to representation.
• DL is the ability of machines to predict an outcome by learning the representation of the outcome.
• General (Strong) AI is AI that exhibits human-level intelligence.
• Super AI is AI that surpasses human intelligence and ability.
• What fuels AI today?

  • Data
  • Machine Learning
• Machine Learning is the process by which a computer is able to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions.
• 2 Families of Statistical Patterns:

  • Shallow Learning
  • Deep Learning
• Shallow learning involves decision trees, linear regressions
• Deep Learning involves deep neural networks with many hidden layers
• 3 Stages Of AI according to Chris Noessel:

  • Narrow AI
  • General AI
  • Super AI
• Narrow AI is dedicated to assist with or take over specific tasks
• General AI takes knowledge from one domain, transfers to other domain
• Super AI are machines that are an order of magnitude smarter than humans
• Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) accomplishes specific tasks. All artificial intelligences today are Narrow.
• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) successfully perform any intellectual tasks that a human being can.
• Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) surpass human intelligence in all aspects.
• Reactive Machines AI is a type of AI that includes machines that operate solely based on "present" data, taking into account only the "current situation".
• Reactive Machines AI cannot form inferences from the data to evaluate their future actions. They can perform a narrowed range of pre-defined tasks.
• Under Reactive Machines AI, IBM Chess (Deep Blue) is a program that beat the world Champion, Garry Kasparov
• Limited Memory AI can make informed and improved decisions by studying the "past" data from its memory
• Limited Memory AI has a short-lived or a temporary memory that can be used to store past experiences and hence evaluate future actions.
• Self-driving cars are examples of Limited Memory AI, that uses the data collected in the recent past to make immediate decisions.
• Theory of Mind AI is a category of machines that is speculated to play a major role in psychology.
• Theory of Mind AI will focus mainly on emotional intelligence so that human beliefs and thoughts can be better comprehended
• Theory of Mind AI has not yet been fully developed but rigorous research is happening in this area
• Self-Aware AI is the time where machines have their own consciousness and become self-aware.
• Self-Aware AI is a stage of superintelligence that might be possible
• The danger of AI is much greater than the danger of nuclear warheads by a lot...Mark my words. AI is far more dangerous than nukes. - Elon Musk, SXSW Conference, 2018
• Strong AI view holds that is possible to create machines that can really reason and solve problems. Such machines are considered to be conscious and self-aware, can independently think about problems.