Development

• Development includes economic and social aspects
• Social development includes life expectancy and infant mortality rate
• Economic development is measured by GDP (gross domestic product) and GNI (gross national income)
• Inequalities within and between countries are influenced by geographical position, size, natural resources, climate, economic policies, stable governments, population policies
• Human Development Index (HDI) considers GDP, education, and longevity
• Sectors of production: Primary sector (raw materials), Secondary sector (manufacturing), Tertiary sector (services), Quaternary sector (high-tech companies)
• Globalisation is the increasing connections of countries in economics, politics, and culture
• Nokia is a case study for development, with headquarters in one location, research and development near demand, and production in LEDCs for lower costs
• Agricultural systems: Arable farms (crops), Pastoral farms (animals), Extensive farming (low input capital, large land), Intensive farming (high inputs, small land)
• Glebe Farm is a case study for the Primary sector, focusing on arable farming with inputs, processes, and outputs influenced by relief, temperature, precipitation, soils, land, and more
• Industrial systems: Manufacturing industry (conversion of raw materials), Processing industry (creating finished products), Assembly industry (putting parts together), High-tech industry (cutting-edge technology)
• Location decisions for industries are based on proximity to raw materials, markets, and some industries are footloose and can be located anywhere