Science 3rd

• The uterus is a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ about the size of a woman’s clenched fist
• The uterus is supported and held in position by a number of ligaments.
• The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina
• The uterus wall has 3 layers:  the outside layer called the perimetrium
• the muscular inside layer called the myometrium,
• the mucous membrane lining the uterus called the endometrium
• Fimbria are the finger-like projections around the opening that trap the egg as it leaves the ovary​
• The isthmus is the portion that connects to uterus
• Tube widens to form the ampulla
• End of tube is called the infundibulum​
• Opening is called the ostium
• The fallopian tube is 4-6 inches long.
• The egg is moved along inside the tube by muscular contractions and the waving action of cilia.
• It takes an egg about 3-4 days to travel the length of the tube.
• The two ovaries are attached to each side of the uterus by a ligaments
• This mature follicle is a graafian
• The follicle ruptures in response to hormones from the pituitary gland,
• releasing the ovum/egg… a process called ovulation. ​
• After the follicle ruptures, it becomes a mass of yellow cells called the corpus luteum.
• Mons pubis: triangular-shaped pad of fatty tissue over the pubis bone, covered with pubic hair​
• Labia majora:  2 large folds of adipose tissue on the sides of the vaginal opening​
• Labia minora:  2 smaller folds of adipose tissue on the inside of the labia majora​
• Vestibule:  area between labia with openings for the vagina, urethra, and two excretory ducts for Bartholin’s glands (provide lubricant)​
• Clitoris:  sensitive fold of tissue partially covered by hood ​
• It is a muscular sheet that can be torn during childbirth.- perineum
• Some doctors avoid uncontrolled tearing of the perineum by making a surgical incision called an episiotomy.​
• The breasts are the mammary glands, varying in size according to age, heredity, and the amount of fatty tissue present.
• Each breast has 15-20 glandular lobes separated by connective tissue.
• The dark-colored circle at the tip of the breast is called the areola
• The first secretion from the breast is not a true milk, but a thin yellowish substance called colostrum.
• Colostrum contains nutrients and the mother’s immunities that can protect baby.  ​
• The onset of the menstrual cycle, or menarche, begins at puberty and ceases at menopause.
• The follicular phase is characterized by menstruation, when the thickened lining of the endometrium is shed because no egg was fertilized or implanted.
• The ovulatory phase comes next. Estrogen is the hormone produced by the ovaries, which stimulates the maturation of a follicle and thickens   the endometrium.​
• The luteal phase follows ovulation, and is characterized by the development of the corpus luteum, the secretion of progesterone, the preparation of the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg, and the formation of a thick mucous to block the cervix once the egg passes out of the fallopian tube.  ​
• A zygote has 46 cells
• An embryo ocurs after 2-3 weeks
• During the last trimester the embryo is now called the fetus
• The cephalic is head first
• Breech is a backward procedure