rocks

• Rocks are naturally occurring solid masses or aggregates of minerals and fragments
• There are three types of rocks: Igneous rocks, Sedimentary rocks, and Metamorphic rocks
• Types of fragments/grains that combine to form rocks include: clay, silt, sand, gravel, and pebbles
• The shape of fragments/grains affects a rock's ability to absorb water
• Rocks that can absorb water are known as porous
• Interlocking/jagged grains are more likely to form rocks that are hard and non-porous
• Rounded grains are more likely to form crumbly and porous rocks due to the spaces within the fragments
• Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling, solidification, and crystallization of magma or lava
• The rate of cooling (how fast or slow) determines if the rock is Extrusive (on the surface) or Intrusive (underground)
• Crystal size in igneous rocks depends on how fast the magma cooled: quickly for small crystals and slowly for large crystals
• Examples of igneous rocks include Obsidian, basalt, granite, and gabbro
• Igneous rocks do not contain fossils
• Igneous rocks have rocks with interlocking/jagged grains or fragments
• Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments or rock fragments that have been cemented or compacted together
• Compaction is when sediments are squashed by the weight of sediments on top
• Cementation is when salt crystals form and stick the pieces of rock together
• Sedimentary rocks have small pieces of rock transported by a river, deposited, and compacted with water squeezed out
• Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks that have been changed because of heat and pressure
• Metamorphic rocks can form at divergent and convergent boundaries
• Metamorphic rocks do not contain fossils
• Metamorphic rocks may form from rocks heated by nearby magma
• Slate is a metamorphic rock that can be split into thin sheets, making it ideal for roof tiles
• Rocks are naturally occurring solid masses or aggregates of minerals and fragments
• There are three types of rocks: Igneous rocks, Sedimentary rocks, Metamorphic rocks
• Rocks on Earth's surface are constantly changing due to physical processes forming the rock cycle: erosion, transport, deposition
• All rocks are formed from the cooling of magma
• Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification and crystallization of magma
• There are two types of igneous rocks: Intrusive igneous rocks, Extrusive igneous rocks
• Examples of intrusive igneous rocks: Andesite, Granite, Diorite
• Examples of extrusive igneous rocks: Basalt, Pumice, Obsidian
• Sedimentary rocks are formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments
• Types of sediments: Very fine (Clay), Fine (Silt), Coarse (Sand), Small stones (Gravel)
• Examples of sedimentary rocks: Limestones, Conglomerate, Shale
• Metamorphic rocks are formed when rocks deep within the crust are subjected to high temperature and pressure
• There are two types of metamorphic rocks: Foliated metamorphic rocks (banded/layered minerals), Non-foliated metamorphic rocks (minerals are randomly oriented with no banding)
• Examples of metamorphic rocks: Marble (metamorphic rock of limestone), Slate (metamorphic rock of shale), Gneiss
• Lithification is the process where sediments compact under pressure and become solid rocks
• Minerals are naturally occurring, solid substances composed of chemical elements
• Minerals are solid and inorganic
• Minerals form a crystalline structure which gives rocks their 'rough' texture