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Biology
3- Nucleotides and nucleic acids
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Summer Flitcroft
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What doe DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does
RNA
stand for?
Ribonucleic acid.
What are the monomers for DNA and RNA?
nucleotides.
What are the three general components for a nucleotide?
a
phosphate
,
pentose sugar
and
nitrogen containing base
What are the four organic bases in DNA?
Adenine
,
Thymine
,
Guanine
,
Cytosine
what type of bond is formed by two adjacent nucleotides?
phosphodiester bond.
what shape is a DNA molecule?
double-stranded double helix.
which bonds keep DNA strands together?
hydrogen bonds
describe the structure of RNA?
relatively short single stranded polynucleotide chain.
what is the first stage in DNA replication?
unwinding
the
double helix
using
DNA helicase.
what is the role of DNA helicase?
breaks hydrogen bonds
between
complementary bases.
what does DNA polymerase do in replication?
joins adjacent nucleotides
to form
phosphate backbone.
how many hydrogen bonds form between thymine and adenine?
2 hydrogen bonds
how many bonds form between guanine and cytosine?
3 hydrogen
bonds
how do you obtain DNA fragments using electrophoresis
-use of
restrictions enzymes
-use of
buffer
-place
DNA
in
sample wells
at
negative cathode
-shorter
fragments move towards
anode
faster than
larger
fragments
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