10d important

• A vaccine stimulates white blood cells to produce antibodies and memory cells against the target pathogen, without making the person ill.
• If a vaccinated person is infected by the same pathogen, the white blood cells of their immune system produce antibodies specific to the pathogen FASTER and IN LARGER AMOUNTS so it can destroy the pathogen quickly, preventing infection.
• Antibiotics cannot be used to kill viruses, as viruses replicate inside human cells. This means that it is difficult to develop drugs that kill viruses without also damaging the body’s tissues.
• MMR protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
• How does a bacterial infection make someone ill?

  Bacteria reproduce quickly / increase rapidly in numbers and produce poisons/toxins
• How does a vaccine work?

  • Antibodies and antitoxins produced by white blood cells
  • Upon reinfection, antibodies are produced quickly
  • They destroy the pathogens
• Phase 1 checks for safety and side effects
• Phase 2 sees if the drug actually works and is effective and establishes dosage
• A control variable doesn't change