Patho Respiratory System

• Pneumothorax


  "Collapsed lung" Air accumulates between lungs and chest wall
• ARDS Symptoms


  Shortness of breath, tachypnea, low oxygen levels, muscle fatigue, weakness, hypotension
• ARDS


  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, rapid lung failure
• Cystic Fibrosis Treatmet

  Oxygen, humidifiers, antibiotics for infections, bronchodilators, pancreatic enzymes
• Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms

  Cough, sputum production, fever, weight loss, increase respiratory rate, decrease tolerance
• Cystic Fibrosis


  Multisystem disorder involving exocrine glands
• Asthma PT Implications

  Fluids prior to exercise, have patient use inhalers 20-30 minutes prior to exercise, stretching and slow warm up period
• Exercise Induced Asthma

  Develops 5-15 min after strenuous exercise when person no longer breathes through their nose
• Asthma Common Triggers

  Allergens, tobacco smoke, chemical irritants, cold air, emotional arousal, certain medications, physical exercise
• Asthma

  Bronchial tubes react to certain stimuli
• Bronchiectasis

  Chronic dilation with weakening of the smaller bronchi and bronchioles
• Atelectasis

  Collapsed lung when alveoli collapse and gasses are not able to exchange
• COPD


  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder

  Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
• Acute Bronchitis

  a temporary inflammation of the mucous membranes
• Lung Absess

  Capsule area where pus collects
• Lobar Pneumonia

  Inflammation in lobes at terminal ends
• Bronchophneumonia

  Inflammation in bronchi
• Pneumonia Symptoms

  Fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath
• Treatment of Pneumonia

  Antibiotics for bacterial, adequate hydration and nutrition, chest PT
• Pneumonia Bacterial

  Productive cough, high fever, chills, dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic pain
• Pneumonia Viral

  Non-productive cough, moderate fever, dyspnea, tachypnea, myalgias
• Apnea

  absence of breathing
• Eupnea

  normal breathing
• Digital Clubbing


  Shape of nail bed changes; angle flattens out
• Hypercapnia

  Increase carbon dioxide in the blood
• Hypoxia

  Decrease oxygen to the body tissues
• Hypoxemia

  Decrease oxygenation of arterial blood
• Purse Lip Breathing

  Causes resistance to outflow at the lips, which maintains interbronchial pressure and improves mixture of gases i the lungs
• Purse lip Breathing Used for

  Decreasing respiratory rate and calming
• Wheeze

  Course, whistling sound heard on inspiration and/or expiration
• Rhonchi

  Course rattles or popping usually heard on expiration, cleared with effective cough
• Rales (Crackles)

  Fine, rattling, or cracking noise heard through auscultation
• Kussmual Breathing

  Deep, labored gasping breathing
• Biot's Respiration

  Group of shallow, quick breaths followed by periods of regular or irregular apnea
• Cheyne-Stokes

  Patterns of quick breaths followed by periods of apnea
• Ataxic

  Uncoordinated breathing pattern
• Hyperpnea

  Fast, deep breathing
• Hypopnea

  Shallow breathing
• Bradypnea

  Breathing at a slower rate than expected
• Tachypnea

  Breathing at a faster rate than expected